Pesticide exposure and risk of aggressive prostate cancer among private pesticide applicators

Table 4 Association between duration of pesticide use (in years) and aggressive PCa for those pesticides first reported at follow-up (Phase 2 and Phase 3 questionnaires) in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS)^b

Common name	Non-case	Aggressive PCa	HR (95% CI)^a
Herbicide
Acetochlor
Never use	15,097	633	1
< 9 years	1213	28	0.76 (0.52, 1.12)
≥ 9 years	882	30	1.12 (0.77, 1.63)
p-trend	0.96
Clopyralid
Never use	16,504	684	1
< 5 years	469	9	0.66 (0.34, 1.28)
≥ 5 years	565	15	0.88 (0.53, 1.47)
p-trend	0.39
Glufosinate-ammonium
Never use	16,516	683	1
< 5 years	613	12	0.67 (0.38, 1.20)
≥ 5 years	526	16	1.03 (0.62, 1.70)
p-trend	0.79
Mesotrione
Never use	16,284	680	1
< 4 years	753	17	0.82 (0.50, 1.33)
≥ 4 years	856	17	0.77 (0.48, 1.26)
p-trend	0.22
Nicosulfuron
Never use	15,921	668	1
< 5 years	560	15	0.88 (0.53, 1.48)
≥ 5 years	820	21	0.84 (0.54, 1.30)
p-trend	0.39
Picloram
Never use	15,817	637	1
< 6 years	899	32	1.15 (0.80, 1.65)
≥ 6 years	1145	32	0.79 (0.55, 1.14)
p-trend	0.28
Rimsulfuron
Never use	16,717	690	1
< 4 years	333	10	1.00 (0.54, 1.88)
≥ 4 years	573	14	0.78 (0.46, 1.32)
p-trend	0.39
Triclopyr
Never use	16,770	690	1
< 4 years	282	10	0.99 (0.53, 1.85)
≥ 4 years	848	13	0.44 (0.26, 0.77)
p-trend	0.004
Insecticide
Cyfluthrin
Never use	16,380	686	1
< 6 years	803	17	0.71 (0.44, 1.15)
≥ 6 years	645	14	0.82 (0.48, 1.39)
p-trend	0.22
Tebupirimfos
Never use	17,022	698	1
< 6 years	540	12	0.69 (0.39, 1.23)
≥ 6 years	381	12	1.09 (0.61, 1.93)
p-trend	0.67

^aUsing age as the time metric and adjusted for state, birth year, family history of PCa, race, and smoking status
^bNumbers add to less than total number of follow-up responders (n = 18,933) due to missing responses for duration of use information