Table 2 Characteristics (percent distribution) of the mother-child pairs according to allergic outcomes
Characteristics | n (%) 552 (100) | Wheeze within the last 2 years (n = 552) | Self-reported asthma(n = 535) | Doctor-diagnosed asthma (n = 530) | Self-reported rhinitis (n = 532) | Self-reported eczema (n = 487) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes n = 123 | No n = 429 | Yes n = 25 | No n = 510 | Yes n = 27 | No n = 503 | Yes n = 49 | No n = 483 | Yes (57) | No (430) | ||
Sex | |||||||||||
Boy | 278 (50.4) | 54.5 | 49.2 | 48.0 | 51.2 | 70.4 | 49.5 | 67.3 | 48.2 | 43.9 | 52.3 |
Girl | 274 (49.6) | 45.5 | 50.8 | 52.0 | 48.8 | 29.6* | 50.5* | 32.7* | 51.8* | 56.1 | 47.7 |
Birth weight (grams) | |||||||||||
< 2500 | 13 (2.4) | 4.1 | 1.9 | 8.0* | 2.2* | 7.4 | 2.2 | 4.1 | 2.3 | 0.0 | 2.6 |
2500–4000 | 435 (78.8) | 74.8 | 80.0 | 56.0 | 80.0 | 66.7 | 79.1 | 71.4 | 79.9 | 73.7 | 80.2 |
> 4000 | 104 (18.8) | 21.1 | 18.2 | 36.0* | 17.8* | 25.9 | 18.7 | 24.5 | 17.8 | 26.3 | 17.2 |
Preterm birth (<week 37) | |||||||||||
Yes | 24 (4.3) | 8.9* | 3.0* | 8.0 | 4.1 | 7.4 | 4.2 | 6.1 | 4.1 | 1.8 | 4.7 |
No | 528 (95.7) | 91.1 | 97.0 | 92.0 | 95.9 | 92.6 | 95.8 | 93.9 | 95.9 | 98.2 | 95.3 |
Maternal age at delivery (years) | |||||||||||
< 25 | 50 (9.1) | 13.0 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 9.2 | 11.1 | 8.9 | 6.1 | 9.5 | 15.8 | 9.3 |
25–29 | 193 (35.0) | 35.8 | 34.7 | 40.0 | 34.7 | 29.6 | 35.2 | 36.7 | 34.6 | 26.3 | 36.3 |
30–34 | 210 (38.0) | 33.3 | 39.4 | 32.0 | 38.4 | 37.0 | 38.4 | 36.7 | 37.9 | 36.8 | 37.4 |
≥ 35 | 99 (17.9) | 17.9 | 17.9 | 20.0 | 17.6 | 22.2 | 17.5 | 20.4 | 18.0 | 21.1 | 17.0 |
BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||||
< 20 | 59 (10.7) | 10.6* | 10.7* | 0.0 | 11.2 | 11.1* | 10.7* | 12.2 | 10.1 | 14.0 | 10.9 |
20–25 | 286 (51.8) | 42.3 | 54.5 | 48.0 | 52.4 | 22.2 | 53.7 | 38.8 | 52.6 | 38.6 | 53.7 |
≥ 25 | 207 (37.5) | 47.2* | 34.7* | 52.0 | 36.5 | 66.7* | 35.6* | 49.0 | 37.3 | 47.4 | 35.3 |
Parity | |||||||||||
Nulliparous | 321 (58.2) | 65.0 | 56.2 | 64.0 | 57.5 | 51.9 | 57.7 | 61.2 | 57.8 | 63.2 | 58.4 |
Multiparous | 231 (41.8) | 35.0 | 43.8 | 36.0 | 42.5 | 48.1 | 42.3 | 38.8 | 42.2 | 36.8 | 41.6 |
Smoking during pregnancy | |||||||||||
Yes | 16 (2.9) | 3.3 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 6.1 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 2.8 |
No | 536 (97.1) | 97.7 | 97.2 | 96.0 | 97.0 | 96.3 | 97.0 | 93.9 | 97.3 | 98.2 | 97.2 |
Education level at pregnancy | |||||||||||
High school or less | 144 (26.3) | 38.3* | 23.0* | 20.0* | 26.5* | 33.3 | 25.7 | 34.7 | 25.7 | 33.3 | 26.8 |
High school + 1–4 years | 279 (51.0) | 41.7 | 53.6 | 36.0 | 51.5 | 48.1 | 51.0 | 51.0 | 50.0 | 50.9 | 51.4 |
High school + > 4 years | 124 (22.7) | 20.0* | 23.4* | 44.0* | 22.0* | 18.5 | 23.3 | 14.3 | 24.3 | 15.8 | 21.8 |
Breastfeeding (weeks) | |||||||||||
< 4 | 45 (9.4) | 9.1 | 9.2 | 13.6* | 9.3* | 9.1 | 9.2 | 13.3* | 9.4* | 9.8 | 10.2 |
4–19 | 88 (18.4) | 27.3 | 17.7 | 36.4 | 16.8 | 27.3 | 17.7 | 33.3 | 16.8 | 17.6 | 18.7 |
> 19 | 345 (72.2) | 63.6 | 73.1 | 50.0* | 73.9* | 63.6 | 73.1 | 53.3* | 73.8* | 72.5 | 71.1 |
Family history of asthma/allergy | |||||||||||
Yes | 309 (56.0) | 61.8 | 54.3 | 68.0 | 55.4 | 63.0 | 55.6 | 72.9* | 54.9* | 69.6 | 56.5 |
No | 243 (44.0) | 38.2 | 45.7 | 32.0 | 44.6 | 37.0 | 44.4 | 27.1 | 45.1 | 30.4 | 43.5 |
Family history of asthma | |||||||||||
Yes | 115 (20.8) | 30.1* | 18.2* | 48.0* | 18.6* | 44.4* | 18.9* | 30.6* | 18.8* | 26.3 | 19.5 |
No | 437 (79.2) | 69.9 | 81.8 | 52.0 | 81.4 | 55.6 | 81.1 | 69.4 | 81.2 | 73.7 | 80.5 |
Pets (inside and outside) | |||||||||||
Yes | 231 (42.4) | 50.0 | 40.2 | 52.0* | 42.3* | 59.3* | 41.7* | 63.8 | 43.4 | 37.0 | 42.6 |
No | 314 (57.6) | 50.0 | 59.8 | 48.0 | 57.7 | 40.7 | 58.3 | 36.2 | 56.6 | 63.0 | 57.4 |