Table 1 Characteristics of study participants
Clinical characteristic | Mean (SD) or N (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Across all | Men | Women | |
Number of participants | 615 (100%) | 346 (56.3%) | 269 (43.7%) |
Age at examination (years) | 43.5 (13.9) | 42.5 (13.7) | 44.9 (14.1) |
Current smokers | 71 (11.5%) | 71 (20.5%) | 0 (0%) |
Ever smokers (not currently smoking) | 89 (14.4%) | 89 (25.7%) | 0 (0%) |
Never smokers | 455 (74.0%) | 186 (53.8%) | 269 (100%) |
Body mass index (kg m−2) | 26.3(4.1) | 25.5 (3.2) | 27.3 (4.8) |
Hypertension (diagnosed) | 82 (13.3%) | 42 (12.4%) | 40 (14.9%) |
High cholesterol (self-report) | 103 (16.8%) | 53 (15.3%) | 50 (18.6%) |
Diabetes mellitus (self-report) | 5 (0.8%) | 3 (0.9%) | 2 (0.7%) |
Myocardial infarction (self-report) | 6 (1.0%) | 4 (1.2%) | 2 (0.7%) |
Vascular measures | |||
 Baseline brachial artery diameter (BAD; mm) | 3.7 (0.7) | 4.1 (0.4) | 3.1 (0.4) |
 Flow-mediated dilation (FMD; %) | 10.5 (5.8) | 8.4 (4.9) | 13.2 (5.9) |
 Shear stress (cm S−1 mm−1) | 22.2 (7.5) | 20.5 (6.1) | 24.4 (8.6) |
 Pre-occlusive blood velocity (cm S−1) | 7.8 (6.5) | 9.5 (6.7) | 5.6 (5.5) |
 Post-occlusive blood velocity (cm S−1) | 79.5 (23.4) | 82.9 (21.5) | 74.9 (25.3) |
 Response to shear stress (cm S−1 mm− 1) | 20 (6.6) | 18.9 (5.5) | 21.5 (7.5) |