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Table 3 Quartiles of time-specific BP-3 urinary concentrations and blood glucose levels during pregnancy among 217 women in the EARTH Study

From: Perinatal urinary benzophenone-3 concentrations and glucose levels among women from a fertility clinic

Quartile (range) of SG-adjusted BP-3 concentration in ng/mL

Population means of blood glucose level in mg/dL (95% CI) across quartiles of SG-adjusted BP-3 concentrations

Unadjusted

Adjusteda

Urine samples collected during preconception (mean preconception BP-3 exposure for each participant)

(n = 178)

 Q1 (<LOD to 58.7)

114.0 (106.4, 122.1)

111.9 (103.0, 121.6)

 Q2 (58.7 to 153.3)

113.9 (106.4, 121.9)

113.7 (103.5, 124.9)

 Q3 (153.8 to 494.5)

112.5 (105.1, 120.4)

107.1 (97.2, 118.0)

 Q4 (498.9 to 8313.8)

109.5 (102.2, 117.3)

108.0 (98.0, 118.9)

P-trendb

0.38

0.29

Urine samples collected during first trimester (one sample per participant)

(n = 194)

 Q1 (<LOD to 35.2)

116.4 (108.9, 124.3)

114.6 (105.8, 124.2)

 Q2 (39.0 to 124.0)

112.9 (105.8, 120.5)

111.9 (102.6, 121.9)

 Q3 (125.3 to 500.3)

121.3 (113.7, 129.5)

118.9 (109.1, 129.4)

 Q4 (502.6 to 7888.0)

104.0 (97.4, 111.1)c

103.4 (95.0, 112.5)c

P-trendb

0.06

0.07

Urine samples collected during second trimester (one sample per participant)

(n = 170)

 Q1 (<LOD to 36.3)

115.8 (108.2, 123.9)

110.0 (100.9, 119.9)

 Q2 (40.1 to 167.5)

107.2 (100.2, 114.7)

105.3 (96.2, 115.2)

 Q3 (170.7 to 811.8)

107.7 (100.7, 115.2)

103.2 (94.4, 112.8)

 Q4 (855.2 to 17,383.1)

113.0 (105.5, 120.9)

104.9 (95.7, 114.9)

P-trendb

0.70

0.28

  1. Abbreviations: BP-3 benzophenone-3, LOD limit of detection, Q quartile
  2. a Adjusted for maternal age at pregnancy (years), pre-pregnancy BMI (< 25 kg/m2, ≥25 kg/m2), family history of diabetes (yes, no), baseline smoking status (never, ever), total physical activity (hours/week), race (white, non-white), education level (college graduate or higher, other), infertility diagnosis (male-factor, female-factor, unexplained), physician-diagnosed PCOS (yes, no), type of infertility treatment (IVF, IUI, natural), fetus number in a pregnancy (1, ≥2), sex of fetus (es) (male, female or missing) and season (spring, summer, fall, winter)
  3. b Test for linear trend were performed using the median SG-adjusted urinary BP-3 concentration in each quartile as a continuous variable in the model
  4. c p-value for comparison against Q1 is < 0.05 (p-value = 0.02 in both unadjusted and adjusted models)