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Table 4 Attributable deaths in Milan, Italy (2003-2006) calculated using different approaches

From: Assessing short-term impact of PM10 on mortality using a semiparametric generalized propensity score approach

Source

Natural Deaths

Respiratory Deaths

Cardiovascular Deaths

 

Estimate

90% CI

Estimate

90% CI

Estimate

90% CI

GPS- AD(40)

1157

(689, 1645)

312

(210, 418)

771

(580, 961)

GPS- DAD(40)

1857

(1479, 2233)

403

(293, 504)

1014

(815, 1221)

PS matching 40

1079

(116, 2042)

305

(17, 593)

716

(117, 1315)

Regression 40

358

(156, 560)

    
  1. GPS- AD(40): deaths attributable to daily exposure levels above 40 μg/m3, setting the counterfactual exactly to 40 μg/m3.
  2. GPS- DAD(40)): deaths attributable to daily exposure levels above 40 μg/m3, sampling the counterfactuals from the exposure distribution below 40 μg/m3.
  3. PS matching 40: from Baccini et al. [25], deaths attributable to daily exposure levels above 40 μg/m3, calculated according to a PS matching.
  4. Regression 40: from Baccini et al. [37], deaths attributable to exceeding the limit of 40 μg/m3 for the annual average level of exposure, calculated from a regression approach