Table 1 Population characteristics and placental PBDE levels during mid-gestation at the Women’s Options Center (WOC) in Northern California, 2014–16 (n = 135)
|  |  | Wet-weight BDE-47 | Lipid-adjusted BDE-47 | Wet-weight ∑ PBDE4a | Lipid-adjusted ∑ PBDE4a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population Characteristic | n (%) | GM (95% CI) | p-Valueb | GM (95% CI) | p-Valueb | GM (95% CI) | p-Valueb | GM (95% CI) | p-Valueb |
Maternal Age | |||||||||
  < 20 years | 19 (14) | 0.10 (0.08, 0.14) | 0.910 | 11.1 (8.4, 14.6) | 0.945 | 0.20 (0.16, 0.26) | 0.922 | 21.6 (16.9, 27.5) | 0.893 |
 20–24 years | 58 (43) | 0.10 (0.08, 0.14) |  | 10.8 (7.8, 14.9) |  | 0.20 (0.15, 0.27) |  | 20.9 (15.7, 27.8) |  |
 25–29 years | 30 (22) | 0.10 (0.07, 0.14) |  | 11.1 (7.7, 15.8) |  | 0.20 (0.14, 0.27) |  | 22.1 (16.1, 30.4) |  |
  ≥ 30 years | 29 (21) | 0.10 (0.07, 0.15) |  | 11.3 (7.8, 16.2) |  | 0.19 (0.14, 0.26) |  | 21.0 (15.3, 29.0) |  |
Gestational Age | |||||||||
  < 19 weeks | 37 (27) | 0.11 (0.09, 0.13) | 0.255 | 11.6 (9.5, 14.1) | 0.601 | 0.21 (0.18, 0.25) | 0.440 | 22.4 (18.8, 26.8) | 0.756 |
 19–21 weeks | 51 (38) | 0.11 (0.09, 0.14) |  | 11.3 (8.7, 14.8) |  | 0.21 (0.16, 0.26) |  | 21.3 (16.8, 26.9) |  |
  ≥ 21 weeks | 48 (35) | 0.09 (0.07, 0.12) |  | 10.2 (7.8, 13.4) |  | 0.18 (0.15, 0.23) |  | 20.5 (16.2, 26.0) |  |
Body Mass Index (BMI) | |||||||||
 Normal/Under (< 25 kg/m2) | 59 (43) | 0.10 (0.08, 0.11) | 0.602 | 10.8 (9.2, 12.7) | 0.795 | 0.19 (0.16, 0.22) | 0.594 | 21.1 (18.3, 24.3) | 0.652 |
 Overweight (25–30 kg/m2) | 38 (28) | 0.11 (0.09, 0.14) |  | 10.6 (8.1, 13.7) |  | 0.21 (0.17, 0.26) |  | 20.2 (16.1, 25.5) |  |
 Obese (≥ 30 kg/m2) | 39 (29) | 0.10 (0.08, 0.13) |  | 11.6 (9.0, 15.0) |  | 0.20 (0.16, 0.25) |  | 22.7 (18.2, 28.4) |  |
Parity | |||||||||
 0 live births | 55 (40) | 0.09 (0.08, 0.11) | 0.309 | 9.9 (8.4, 11.6) | 0.240 | 0.19 (0.16, 0.21) | 0.443 | 19.6 (16.9, 22.6) | 0.325 |
  ≥ 1 live births | 81 (60) | 0.11 (0.09, 0.13) |  | 11.9 (9.6, 14.7) |  | 0.21 (0.17, 0.25) |  | 22.6 (18.7, 27.4) |  |
Fetal Sex | |||||||||
 Male | 73 (54) | 0.10 (0.09, 0.12) | 0.955 | 10.2 (8.8, 11.8) | 0.379 | 0.20 (0.18, 0.23) | 0.942 | 20.4 (18.0, 23.3) | 0.659 |
 Female | 63 (46) | 0.10 (0.09, 0.13) |  | 11.9 (9.6, 14.7) |  | 0.20 (0.16, 0.23) |  | 22.3 (18.5, 26.9) |  |
Education | |||||||||
  ≤ High School | 67 (49) | 0.11 (0.10, 0.13) | 0.260 | 11.9 (10.2, 13.8) | 0.415 | 0.22 (0.19, 0.25) | 0.177 | 23.1 (20.2, 26.3) | 0.308 |
  ≥ Some college | 68 (50) | 0.09 (0.08, 0.12) |  | 10.3 (8.3, 12.7) |  | 0.18 (0.15, 0.22) |  | 19.9 (16.5, 24.0) |  |
Insurance | |||||||||
 Public | 98 (72) | 0.11 (0.10, 0.12) | 0.364 | 11.7 (10.3, 13.3) | 0.159 | 0.21 (0.19, 0.23) | 0.222 | 22.7 (20.4, 25.3) | 0.066 |
 Private/Self-pay | 37 (27) | 0.09 (0.07, 0.11) |  | 9.3 (7.3, 11.7) |  | 0.17 (0.14, 0.21) |  | 17.7 (14.4, 21.8) |  |
Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
 Latina/Hispanic | 45 (33) | 0.10 (0.09, 0.12) | 0.102 | 10.2 (8.6, 12.1) | 0.038 | 0.19 (0.16, 0.22) | 0.011 | 18.8 (16.2, 21.8) | 0.001 |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 31 (23) | 0.12 (0.09, 0.16) |  | 13.7 (10.4, 17.9) |  | 0.24 (0.19, 0.31) |  | 27.6 (21.9, 34.8) |  |
 Non-Hispanic White | 20 (15) | 0.09 (0.07, 0.13) |  | 10.6 (7.8, 14.4) |  | 0.18 (0.14, 0.23) |  | 20.2 (15.4, 26.3) |  |
 Asian/Pacific Islander | 17 (12) | 0.09 (0.06, 0.12) |  | 9.2 (6.6, 12.7) |  | 0.16 (0.12, 0.21) |  | 17.0 (12.8, 22.6) |  |
Birth Country | |||||||||
 U.S. born | 71 (52) | 0.11 (0.10, 0.13) | 0.114 | 11.8 (10.3, 13.6) | 0.222 | 0.21 (0.19, 0.23) | 0.009 | 22.4 (19.9, 25.3) | 0.025 |
 Foreign born | 9 (7) | 0.07 (0.05, 0.11) |  | 8.3 (5.5, 12.4) |  | 0.12 (0.08, 0.17) |  | 13.5 (9.4, 19.3) |  |
Collection Year | |||||||||
 2014 | 33 (24) | 0.11 (0.09, 0.13) | 0.032 | 13.8 (11.3, 16.9) | 0.004 | 0.20 (0.17, 0.24) | 0.125 | 24.8 (20.7, 29.7) | 0.037 |
 2015 | 93 (68) | 0.10 (0.08, 0.12) |  | 9.8 (7.7, 12.3) |  | 0.19 (0.16, 0.24) |  | 19.6 (15.9, 24.3) |  |
 2016 | 10 (7) | 0.16 (0.10, 0.26) |  | 15.9 (10.0, 25.3) |  | 0.29 (0.19, 0.43) |  | 28.0 (18.4, 42.5) |  |
Total (pooled)b | 135 (100) | 0.10 (0.09; 0.03–0.92) |  | 11.0 (9.7; 3.1–107) |  | 0.20 (0.15; 0.07–1.3) |  | 21.3 (16.4; 5.8–152) |  |