Table 1 Characteristics of participants by quartiles of urinary OH-PAH levels (N = 3367)
Characteristics | All participants | Quartiles of ƩOH-PAHs, μmol/mol creat. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quartile 1 (< 24.63) | Quartile 2 (24.63–36.12) | Quartile 3 (36.12–54.86) | Quartile 4 (≥54.86) | ||
No. participants | 3367 | 842 | 842 | 842 | 841 |
Age (years, means±SD) | 52.0 ± 12.9 | 49.9 ± 13.2 | 51.1 ± 12.8 | 53.0 ± 12.4 | 53.9 ± 12.8 |
Gender (male, N, %) | 1042 (31.0) | 336 (39.9) | 285 (33.9) | 241 (28.6) | 180 (21.4) |
Height (cm, means±SD) | 159.0 ± 7.7 | 160.6 ± 8.0 | 159.3 ± 7.3 | 158.7 ± 7.5 | 157.6 ± 7.7 |
Weight (kg, means±SD) | 60.8 ± 10.5 | 62.5 ± 11.0 | 61.0 ± 10.8 | 60.7 ± 9.9 | 58.8 ± 9.8 |
BMI (kg/m2, means±SD) | 24.0 ± 3.4 | 24.2 ± 3.5 | 24.0 ± 3.5 | 24.1 ± 3.3 | 23.7 ± 3.5 |
Education level (N, %) | |||||
 Low | 828 (24.6) | 190 (22.6) | 204 (24.2) | 236 (28.0) | 198 (23.5) |
 Middle | 2122 (63.0) | 540 (64.1) | 539 (64.0) | 514 (61.1) | 529 (62.9) |
 High | 417 (12.4) | 112 (13.3) | 99 (11.8) | 92 (10.9) | 114 (13.6) |
Annual family income (Yuan, N, %) | |||||
 < 30,000 | 1924 (57.1) | 458 (54.4) | 492 (58.4) | 497 (59.0) | 477 (56.7) |
 30,000-70,000 | 1091 (32.4) | 270 (32.1) | 277 (32.9) | 272 (32.3) | 272 (32.3) |
 ≥70,000 | 352 (10.5) | 114 (13.5) | 73 (8.7) | 73 (8.7) | 92 (10.9) |
Smokersa (N, %) | 740 (21.6) | 196 (23.3) | 193 (22.9) | 189 (22.5) | 147 (17.5) |
 Smoking amountsb, pack-year (means±SD) | 24.7 ± 21.3 | 20.1 ± 21.1 | 24.7 ± 19.5 | 27.9 ± 22.2 | 26.9 ± 21.8 |
Passive smokers (yes, N, %) | 1451 (43.1) | 346 (42.4) | 357 (42.4) | 399 (47.5) | 349 (41.5) |
Cook meals (yes, N, %) | 2500 (74.3) | 577 (68.5) | 617 (73.3) | 644 (76.5) | 662 (78.7) |
Drinking status (yes, N, %) | 577 (17.1) | 149 (17.7) | 169 (20.1) | 147 (17.5) | 112 (13.3) |
Regular physical activity (yes, N, %) | 1579 (46.9) | 393 (46.7) | 373 (44.3) | 386 (45.8) | 427 (50.8) |
Sleep duration at night (hours, means±SD) | 8.0 ± 1.4 | 8.0 ± 1.7 | 8.0 ± 1.3 | 8.1 ± 1.4 | 7.9 ± 1.3 |
Eating smoked food (≥1 time/week, N, %) | 1009 (30.0) | 213 (25.3) | 250 (29.7) | 280 (33.3) | 266 (31.6) |
Eating vegetables or fruits (≥1 time/day, N, %) | 3163 (93.9) | 802 (95.3) | 791 (93.9) | 785 (93.2) | 785 (93.3) |
Eating aquatic products (≥1 time/day, N, %) | 1128 (33.5) | 294 (34.9) | 294 (34.9) | 277 (32.9) | 263 (31.3) |
FEV1 (ml, means±SD) | 2189.4 ± 586.1 | 2327.7 ± 625.5 | 2215.6 ± 582.0 | 2160.3 ± 547.8 | 2053.9 ± 553.1 |
FVC (ml, means±SD) | 2508.8 ± 682.5 | 2640.3 ± 730.7 | 2535.7 ± 675.2 | 2497.0 ± 645.0 | 2358.6 ± 646.8 |
FEV1% (means±SD) | 87.7 ± 8.4 | 88.7 ± 8.0 | 87.8 ± 8.0 | 87.0 ± 8.6 | 87.5 ± 8.9 |
8-OHdG (μmol/mol creat., median, IQR) | 62.2 (28.0–123.7) | 48.0 (21.9–90.6) | 60.6 (26.9–114.0) | 66.0 (727.9–129.8) | 84.4 (41.1–179.3) |
8-iso-PGF2α (nmol/mol creat., median, IQR) | 177.0 (108.9–311.7) | 126.3 (81.3–195.0) | 167.0 (104.1–276.4) | 207.9 (129.9–348.1) | 240.8 (139.4–504.6) |