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Table 4 Total and direct effect of urinary OH-PAHs on lung function alteration and assessment of 8-OHdG (N = 3367)

From: Oxidative damage mediates the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and lung function

 

Total effectsa

Direct effectsb

Mediated effect of

8-OHdGc

Proportion mediated (%)

FEV1

 ƩOH-PAHs

−21.76 (− 40.74, − 2.79)

−20.52 (− 39.80, − 1.25)

−1.24 (− 4.78, 2.74)

NAd

 ƩHMW OH-PAH

− 20.49 (− 37.44, − 3.53)

− 19.61 (− 36.69, − 2.52)

− 0.88 (− 3.22, 1.48)

NAd

 ƩLMW OH-PAHs

−20.19 (−38.81, − 1.57)

−18.93 (− 37.85, − 0.02)

−1.26 (− 5.07, 2.15)

NAd

FVC

 ƩOH-PAHs

− 18.93 (− 42.02, 4.16)

− 14.10 (− 37.54, 9.34)

−4.83 (− 9.89, − 0.45)

NAd

 ƩHMW OH-PAH

−21.33 (− 41.96, − 0.71)

−18.30 (− 39.07, 2.47)

−3.03 (− 6.23, − 0.57)

14.22%

 ƩLMW OH-PAHs

− 16.46 (− 39.12, 6.20)

− 11.66 (− 34.66, 11.35)

−4.80 (− 9.62, − 0.66)

NAd

  1. Covariates in the SPSS commands include age (continuous variable), gender (male/female), height (continuous variable), weight (continuous variable), smoking amounts (continuous variable), passive smoking status (yes/no), drinking status (yes/no), education level (categorical variable), annual family income (categorical variable), regular physical activity (yes/no), cooking meals at home (yes/no), sleep duration at night (continuous variable), eating smoked food (< 1/≥1 time/week), eating vegetables or fruits (< 1/≥1 time/day), eating aquatic products (< 1/≥1 time/day) and city (Wuhan/Zhuhai)
  2. Abbreviations: ƩHMW OH-PAH Sum of urinary high-molecular-weight monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, including 1-hydroxypyrene, ƩLMW OH-PAHs Sum of urinary low-molecular-weight monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, including 1-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 9-hydroxyfluorene, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxyphenanthrene, 4-hydroxyphenanthrene and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, ƩOH-PAHs Sum of urinary monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 8-OHdG 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, CI Confidence interval, FEV1 Forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC Forced vital capacity
  3. aTotal effects of urinary OH-PAHs on lung function parameters were estimated without adjusting for urinary 8-OHdG
  4. bDirect effects of urinary OH-PAHs on lung function parameters were estimated with adjusting for urinary 8-OHdG
  5. cThe mediated effect of 8-OHdG was obtained from the model, which simultaneously included OH-PAHs, 8-OHdG, lung function parameters and covariates by performing in the PROCESS SPSS macro
  6. dProportion mediated by 8-OHdG cannot be tested because of the opposite signs between total effect and indirect effect
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X