Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the NHANES 2005–2010 participants (N = 2372), aged 6–19 years
Characteristics | Obesity 487 (20.53%) | No obesity 1885 (79.47%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (y), mean (SD) | 12.57 (3.81) | 12.51 (4.01) | 0.729 |
Gender | Â | Â | 0.931 |
 Male | 252 (10.62%) | 982 (41.40%) |  |
 Female | 235 (9.91%) | 903 (38.07%) |  |
Race |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Mexican American | 143 (6.03%) | 516 (21.75%) |  |
 Other Hispanic | 52 (2.19%) | 152 (6.41%) |  |
 Non-Hispanic White | 112 (4.72%) | 615 (25.93%) |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 157 (6.62%) | 491 (20.70%) |  |
 Other Race | 23 (0.97%) | 111 (4.68%) |  |
Education level | Â | Â | 0.155 |
 ≤5 grade | 215 (9.06%) | 852 (35.92%) |  |
 6–8 grade | 118 (4.97%) | 409 (17.24%) |  |
 9–12 grade, No Diploma | 115 (4.85%) | 453 (19.10%) |  |
 High School Graduate | 26 (1.10%) | 79 (3.33%) |  |
 GED or Equivalent, More than high school | 13 (0.55%) | 92 (3.88%) |  |
Family income-to-poverty ratio | Â | Â | 0.003 |
 ≤ 1.30 | 235 (9.91%) | 774 (32.63%) |  |
 1.31,3.50 | 177 (7.46%) | 706 (29.76%) |  |
 > 3.50 | 75 (3.16%) | 405 (17.07%) |  |
Caloric intake | Â | Â | 0.014 |
 Normal intake | 283 (11.93%) | 975 (41.10%) |  |
 Excessive intake | 204 (8.60%) | 910 (38.36%) |  |
Serum cotinine (ng/mL), GM (SD) | 0.13 (10.55) | 0.13 (14.48) | 0.140* |
Urinary creatinine (mg/dL), GM (SD) | 119.89 (1.88) | 107.53 (2.01) | 0.005* |
BMI, mean (SD) | 30.41 (6.99) | 19.68 (3.66) | < 0.001 |
BMI z-score, mean (SD) | 2.12 (0.32) | 0.18 (0.94) | < 0.001 |
Waist Circumference (cm), mean (SD) | 96.17 (18.05) | 69.79 (11.36) | < 0.001 |