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Table 3 Concentrations of maternal PFAAs

From: Exposure to Perflouroalkyl acids and foetal and maternal thyroid status: a review

    

PFOS

PFOA

Other PFAAs

Reference

Author

Country

Year

Time point of exposure collection

Number

Median (ng/mL)

LOD/LOQ (ng/mL)

% < LOD/LOQ

Median (ng/mL)

LOD/LOQ (ng/mL)

% < LOD/LOQ

PFAAs

Median (ng/mL)

LOD/LOQ (ng/mL)

% < LOD/LOQ

[39]

Preston

USA

2018

<14th week. (1st trimester)

732

24.0

0.2

NR

5.6

0.1

NR

PFHxS

0.6

0.1

NR

PFNA

2.4

0.1

  

EtFOSAA

1.1

0.1

  

MeFOSAA

1.8

0.1

[40]

Inoue

Denmark

2019

Median week 8 (1st trimester)

1366

29.5

0.28

0%

4.52

0.20

0%

PFHxSa

1.11

0.08

0.2%

PFHpSa

0.37

0.11

1%

PFNAa

0.45

0.27

6%

PFDAa

0.17

0.09

5%

[41]

Wang

Norway

2013

Week: 17–18 (2nd trimester)

903

12.81

0.05

0%

2.15

0.05

0%

PFHxS

0.6

0.05

1%

PFNA

0.39

0.05

1%

PFUnA

0.22

0.05

6%

  

PFHpS

0.13

0.05

12%

  

PFDA

0.04

0.05

31%

[42]

Webster

Canada

2014

Median week: 15–18 (2nd trimester)

152

4.8

0.5

0%

1.7

0.5

1.3%

PFHxS

1.0

0.5

15.7%

PFNA

0.6

0.5

31.6%

[43]

Berg

Norway

2015

Median week 18 (2nd trimester)

391

8.03

0.31

NR

1.53

0.07

NR

PFHxS

0.44

0.06

NR

PFHpS

0.10

0.06

PFNA

0.56

0.04

  

PFUnA

0.26

0.02

  

PFDA

0.23

0.03

[45]

Reardon

Canada

2019

Week 14–27 (2nd trimester)

494

4.77

0.01–0.12

0%

2.11

0.01–0.37

0%

PFHxS

1.03

0.03

0%

PFNA

0.69

0.06

1%

PFDA

0.26

0.04

0.2%

  

PFUnA

0.06

0.03

11.5%

  

PFDoA

0.06

0.02

44.5%

  

PFHpA

0.08

0.02

33.3%

[38]

Kato

Japan

2016

2nd -3rd Trimester

392

5.2

0.5

NR

1.2

0.5

NR

–

–

–

–

[44]

Wang

Taiwan

2014

Week 28–40 (3rd trimester)

285

12.73

0.07–0.45

0%

2.39

0.07–0.45

13.0%

PFHxS

0.81

 

22%

PFNA

1.51

 

4%

PFUnA

3.26

0.07–0.45

9%

  

PFDeA

0.46

 

29%

  

PFDoA

0.36

 

18%

[46]

Yang

China

2016

1–2 days before delivery (3rd trimester)

157

4.41

0.021

0%

1.64

0.024

0%

PFHxS

0.50

0.012

0%

PFNA

0.46

0.013

0%

PFDA

0.37

0.024

0%

PFUnA

0.40

0.033

1%

PFDoA

0.041

0.029

32%

6:2 FTS

0.041

3

18%

MeFOSAA

0.003

0.3

26%

[47]

Xiao

Faroe Island

2019

Week 34 (3rd Trimester)

172

20.86b

0.03

0%

2.37b

0.03

0%

PFHxS

0.55b

0.03

0%

PFHpS

0.35b

0.03

7%

PFHpA

0.03b

0.03

53%

PFNA

0.60b

0.03

0%

PFDA

0.30b

0.03

0%

PFUnA

0.47b

0.03

0%

PFDoA

0.03b

0.03

68%

NEtFOSAA

0.65b

0.03

0%

NMeFOSAA

0.18b

0.03

0%

FOSA

0.04b

0.03

63%

  1. % < LOD/LOQ: percentage below limit of detection/quantification, NR: information not reported, −: no other PFAAs examined, a only measured in a sub-group of the study population (n = 1178), b Geometric mean
  2. PFOS Perfluorooctane sulfonate, PFOA Perfluorooctanoate, PFHxS Perfluorohexane sulfonate, PFHpS Perfluoroheptane sulfonate, PFHpA Perfluoroheptanoic acid, PFNA Perfluorononanoic acid, PFDA Perfluorodecanoic acid, PFUnA Perfluoroundecanoic acid, PFDoA Perfluorodo-decanoic acid, EtFOSAA 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido)acetate, MeFOSAA 2-(N-methyl-per-fluorooctanesulfonamido)acetate, 6:2 FTS 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonates, NMeFOSAA N-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetate, NEtFOSAA N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetate, FOSA Perfluorooctane sulphonamide