From: Exposure to Perflouroalkyl acids and foetal and maternal thyroid status: a review
 |  |  |  | PFOS | PFOA | Other PFAAs | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference | Author Country Year | Time point of exposure collection | Number | Median (ng/mL) | LOD/LOQ (ng/mL) | % < LOD/LOQ | Median (ng/mL) | LOD/LOQ (ng/mL) | % < LOD/LOQ | PFAAs | Median (ng/mL) | LOD/LOQ (ng/mL) | % < LOD/LOQ |
[39] | Preston USA 2018 | <14th week. (1st trimester) | 732 | 24.0 | 0.2 | NR | 5.6 | 0.1 | NR | PFHxS | 0.6 | 0.1 | NR |
PFNA | 2.4 | 0.1 | |||||||||||
 |  | EtFOSAA | 1.1 | 0.1 | |||||||||
 |  | MeFOSAA | 1.8 | 0.1 | |||||||||
[40] | Inoue Denmark 2019 | Median week 8 (1st trimester) | 1366 | 29.5 | 0.28 | 0% | 4.52 | 0.20 | 0% | PFHxSa | 1.11 | 0.08 | 0.2% |
PFHpSa | 0.37 | 0.11 | 1% | ||||||||||
PFNAa | 0.45 | 0.27 | 6% | ||||||||||
PFDAa | 0.17 | 0.09 | 5% | ||||||||||
[41] | Wang Norway 2013 | Week: 17–18 (2nd trimester) | 903 | 12.81 | 0.05 | 0% | 2.15 | 0.05 | 0% | PFHxS | 0.6 | 0.05 | 1% |
PFNA | 0.39 | 0.05 | 1% | ||||||||||
PFUnA | 0.22 | 0.05 | 6% | ||||||||||
 |  | PFHpS | 0.13 | 0.05 | 12% | ||||||||
 |  | PFDA | 0.04 | 0.05 | 31% | ||||||||
[42] | Webster Canada 2014 | Median week: 15–18 (2nd trimester) | 152 | 4.8 | 0.5 | 0% | 1.7 | 0.5 | 1.3% | PFHxS | 1.0 | 0.5 | 15.7% |
PFNA | 0.6 | 0.5 | 31.6% | ||||||||||
[43] | Berg Norway 2015 | Median week 18 (2nd trimester) | 391 | 8.03 | 0.31 | NR | 1.53 | 0.07 | NR | PFHxS | 0.44 | 0.06 | NR |
PFHpS | 0.10 | 0.06 | |||||||||||
PFNA | 0.56 | 0.04 | |||||||||||
 |  | PFUnA | 0.26 | 0.02 | |||||||||
 |  | PFDA | 0.23 | 0.03 | |||||||||
[45] | Reardon Canada 2019 | Week 14–27 (2nd trimester) | 494 | 4.77 | 0.01–0.12 | 0% | 2.11 | 0.01–0.37 | 0% | PFHxS | 1.03 | 0.03 | 0% |
PFNA | 0.69 | 0.06 | 1% | ||||||||||
PFDA | 0.26 | 0.04 | 0.2% | ||||||||||
 |  | PFUnA | 0.06 | 0.03 | 11.5% | ||||||||
 |  | PFDoA | 0.06 | 0.02 | 44.5% | ||||||||
 |  | PFHpA | 0.08 | 0.02 | 33.3% | ||||||||
[38] | Kato Japan 2016 | 2nd -3rd Trimester | 392 | 5.2 | 0.5 | NR | 1.2 | 0.5 | NR | – | – | – | – |
[44] | Wang Taiwan 2014 | Week 28–40 (3rd trimester) | 285 | 12.73 | 0.07–0.45 | 0% | 2.39 | 0.07–0.45 | 13.0% | PFHxS | 0.81 |  | 22% |
PFNA | 1.51 | Â | 4% | ||||||||||
PFUnA | 3.26 | 0.07–0.45 | 9% | ||||||||||
 |  | PFDeA | 0.46 |  | 29% | ||||||||
 |  | PFDoA | 0.36 |  | 18% | ||||||||
[46] | Yang China 2016 | 1–2 days before delivery (3rd trimester) | 157 | 4.41 | 0.021 | 0% | 1.64 | 0.024 | 0% | PFHxS | 0.50 | 0.012 | 0% |
PFNA | 0.46 | 0.013 | 0% | ||||||||||
PFDA | 0.37 | 0.024 | 0% | ||||||||||
PFUnA | 0.40 | 0.033 | 1% | ||||||||||
PFDoA | 0.041 | 0.029 | 32% | ||||||||||
6:2 FTS | 0.041 | 3 | 18% | ||||||||||
MeFOSAA | 0.003 | 0.3 | 26% | ||||||||||
[47] | Xiao Faroe Island 2019 | Week 34 (3rd Trimester) | 172 | 20.86b | 0.03 | 0% | 2.37b | 0.03 | 0% | PFHxS | 0.55b | 0.03 | 0% |
PFHpS | 0.35b | 0.03 | 7% | ||||||||||
PFHpA | 0.03b | 0.03 | 53% | ||||||||||
PFNA | 0.60b | 0.03 | 0% | ||||||||||
PFDA | 0.30b | 0.03 | 0% | ||||||||||
PFUnA | 0.47b | 0.03 | 0% | ||||||||||
PFDoA | 0.03b | 0.03 | 68% | ||||||||||
NEtFOSAA | 0.65b | 0.03 | 0% | ||||||||||
NMeFOSAA | 0.18b | 0.03 | 0% | ||||||||||
FOSA | 0.04b | 0.03 | 63% |