Table 9 Association of PFAAs exposure and infant TSH (adjusted results)

  [38]

Kato

Japan

2016

Linear regression: Adjusted β (p value)

–

↑: 0.177 (0.001) *

↓: − 0.014 (0.801)

–

–

–

–

  [44]

Wang

Taiwan

2014

Linear regression: Adjusted β (95% CI)

↑: 0.493

(− 1.449, 2.434)

↓: − 0.083

(− 0.292, 0.127)

↓: − 0.498

(− 1.464, 0.468)

↓: − 0.361

(− 0.955, 0.234)

↓: −3.505

(−7.821, 0.812)

↓: − 0.083

(− 0.232, 0.066)

↓: − 1.539

(−6.582, 3.503)

  [46]

Yang

China

2016

Spearmans partial correlation analysis. p < 0.05.

↓: −0.034

↓: − 0.119

↓: − 0.057

↓: − 0.105

↓: − 0.145

↓: − 0.094

↑: 0.016

  [47]

Xiao

Faroe Island

2019

Percent change in thyroid hormone levels per doubling of PFAA concentrations (95% CI)

↑: 11.5 (− 10.4, 39.0)

↑: 39.7 (7.9, 80.9)*

↑: 23.1 (1.9, 48.6)*

↑: 53.3 (18.2, 99.0)*

↑: 31.3 (2.2, 68.4)*

↑: 7.6 (− 10.2, 28.8)

↑: 0.2 (− 7.7, 8.7)

  [48]

Dufour

Belgium

2018

Multivariate regression: Adjusted β (p value)

–

↓: −0.028 (0.679)

↓: −0.094 (0.196)

↓: − 0.129 (0.064)

–

–

–

  [49]

Shah-Kulkarni

Korea

2016

Linear regression: Adjusted β (95% CI)

↓: − 1.09

(−2.60, 0.41)

↓: −0.15

(− 1.03, 0.73)

↓: − 0.79

(− 2.13, 0.55)

↓: − 0.83

(− 1.95, 0.28)

↓: − 1.01

(− 2.65, 0.62)

↓: −0.62

(− 2.01, 0.76)

↓: −1.29

(− 3.28, 0.69)

  [51]

Tsai

Taiwan

2017

Linear regression: Adjusted β (95% CI)

–

↑: 0.346

(0.101, 0.591)*

↑: 0.059

(− 0.136, 0.254)

↑: 0.045

(− 0.051, 0.142)

–

↑: 0.077 (

− 0.063, 0.216)

–

  [52]

Aimuzi

China

2019

Sparse partial least squares (SPLS): Adjusted β (95% CI)

#

↓: − 0.012

(− 0.019,-0.005)*

#

↓: − 0.012

(− 0.019, − 0.005)*

↓: −0.012

(− 0.02,-0.005)*

↓: − 0.013

(− 0.021,-0.006)*

↓: −0.013

(− 0.023,-0.006)*