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Table 4 Adjusted linear regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals for the associations between tertiles of PFAS (ng/mL) and PBDE (ng/g lipid) concentrations > 80% detection in maternal serum and gestational age in weeks and birth weight z-scores (N = 506)

From: Associations between prenatal maternal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and birth outcomes among pregnant women in San Francisco

  

Gestational Age

Birth Weight Z Score

N

β

95% CI

β

95% CI

PFAS

 PFOA

   < 1.40

167

Reference

Reference

  1.40–0.96

172

−0.29

(−0.74, 0.17)

0.13

(−0.10, 0.35)

   > 0.96

167

−0.10

(−0.63, 0.43)

0.12

(−0.14, 0.37)

 PFOS

   < 1.40

167

Reference

Reference

  1.40–2.56

172

−0.19

(−0.64, 0.26)

− 0.01

(− 0.24, 0.22)

   > 2.56

167

−0.08

(− 0.59, 0.43)

0.02

(− 0.23, 0.27)

 PFHxS

   < 0.24

163

Reference

Reference

  0.24–0.49

176

0.28

(−0.18, 0.73)

0.08

(−0.15, 0.32)

   > 0.49

167

0.09

(−0.47, 0.65)

0.15

(−0.12, 0.42)

 PFNA

   < 0.24

171

Reference

Reference

  0.24–0.49

244

−0.28

(−0.71, 0.14)

0.01

(−0.20, 0.23)

   > 0.49

91

−0.30

(−0.88, 0.28)

− 0.04

(− 0.32, 0.25)

 Me-PFOSA-AcOH

   < 0.04

165

Reference

Reference

  0.04–0.06

171

0.12

(−0.32, 0.57)

−0.24

(− 0.46, − 0.02)

   > 0.06

170

0.18

(−0.27, 0.63)

0.09

(−0.14, 0.32)

 Total PFAS

   < 2.62

169

Reference

Reference

  2.62–4.83

171

−0.34

(−0.80, 0.12)

0.01

(−0.22, 0.24)

   > 4.83

166

−0.21

(−0.72, 0.30)

0.06

(−0.19, 0.31)

PBDE

 BDE-47

   < 8.47

167

Reference

Reference

  8.47–14.22

172

−0.07

(−0.50, 0.35)

−0.26

(− 0.48, − 0.04)

   > 14.22

167

− 0.49

(− 0.95, − 0.02)

−0.14

(− 0.37, 0.09)

 BDE-99

   < 2.88

169

Reference

Reference

  2.88–4.71

170

0.07

(−0.35, 0.49)

−0.25

(− 0.47, − 0.04)

   > 4.71

167

− 0.25

(− 0.71, 0.22)

−0.08

(− 0.31, 0.15)

 Total PBDE

   < 11.38

171

Reference

Reference

  11.38–18.99

170

−0.13

(− 0.55, 0.29)

−0.26

(− 0.48, − 0.04)

   > 18.99

165

− 0.41

(− 0.87, 0.05)

−0.09

(− 0.32, 0.14)

  1. Abbreviations: PFAS per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PBDE polybrominated diphenyl ethers, CI confidence interval
  2. Models adjusted for maternal age, maternal race/ethnicity, pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal education, smoking status, parity, and food insecurity