Table 1 Characteristics of the study population (n = 15,786), stratified by gender
Variables | Total (n = 15,786) | Males (n = 7667) | Females (n = 8119) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mean (SD) | min-max | Median (Q1-Q3) | mean (SD) | min-max | Median (Q1-Q3) | mean (SD) | min-max | Median (Q1-Q3) | |
PFAS | |||||||||
 PFOA (ng/mL) | 59.69 (72.26) | 0.35–1400 | 35.8 (13.7–78.9) | 83.84 (87.51) | 0.35–1400 | 58.3 (25.1–114.7) | 36.89 (43.03) | 0.35–671 | 22.6 (8.8–49.4) |
 PFOS (ng/mL) | 4.63 (4.02) | 0.35–142 | 3.7 (2.5–5.6) | 5.72 (4.43) | 0.35–142 | 4.8 (3.3–6.9) | 3.59 (3.27) | 0.35–124 | 3 (2–4.4) |
 PFHxS (ng/mL) | 5.97 (6.82) | 0.35–127 | 3.6 (1.6–7.8) | 8.86 (8.29) | 0.35–127 | 6.5 (3–12) | 3.24 (3.19) | 0.35–41.3 | 2.2 (1.1–4.3) |
 PFNA (ng/mL) | 0.53 (0.42) | 0.35–39.7 | 0.35 (0.35–0.6) | 0.59 (0.52) | 0.35–39.7 | 0.5 (0.35–0.7) | 0.48 (0.28) | 0.35–8.8 | 0.35 (0.35–0.5) |
Covariates | |||||||||
 Age (years) | 30.04 (5.86) | 20–39 | 30 (25–35) | 29.88 (5.88) | 20–39 | 30 (25–35) | 30.2 (5.84) | 20–39 | 31 (25–35) |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 23.91 (4.3) | 13.58–50.47 | 23.27 (20.9–26.04) | 24.75 (3.82) | 13.58–49.01 | 24.22 (22.23–26.59) | 23.11 (4.56) | 14.32–50.47 | 22.04 (19.92–25.08) |
 Time-lag (months) | 14.77 (5.45) | 3–28 | 14 (10–19) | 14.7 (5.51) | 5–28 | 14 (10–19) | 14.84 (5.39) | 3–28 | 14 (10–19) |
Gender | n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Male | 7667 (48.57) |  |  |  |  |  |  | ||
 Female | 8119 (51.43) |  |  |  |  |  |  | ||
Education | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||||||
 Elementary/Middle school | 2409 (15.26) | 1346 (17.56) | 1063 (13.09) | ||||||
 Highschool | 9445 (59.83) | 4847 (63.22) | 4598 (56.63) | ||||||
 University | 3932 (24.91) | 1474 (19.23) | 2458 (30.27) | ||||||
Physical activity | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||||||
 Light | 10,638 (67.39) | 4719 (61.55) | 5919 (72.9) | ||||||
 Moderate | 2394 (15.17) | 1152 (15.03) | 1242 (15.3) | ||||||
 Heavy | 2754 (17.45) | 1796 (23.43) | 958 (11.8) | ||||||
Smoke | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||||||
 NO | 9230 (58.47) | 3895 (50.8) | 5335 (65.71) | ||||||
 YES | 4355 (27.59) | 2575 (33.59) | 1780 (21.92) | ||||||
 Ex | 2201 (13.94) | 1197 (15.61) | 1004 (12.37) | ||||||
Country of birth | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||||||
 HDC | 14,297 (90.57) | 7136 (93.07) | 7161 (88.2) | ||||||
 HMPC | 1489 (9.43) | 531 (6.93) | 958 (11.8) | ||||||
Outcomes | |||||||||
| Â | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||||||
Hypertension | 1971 (12.49) | 1449 (18.9) | 522 (6.43) | ||||||
|  | Total (n = 15,380) | Males (n = 7428) | Females (n = 7952) | ||||||
Blood pressure | mean (SD) | min-max | Median (Q1-Q3) | mean (SD) | min-max | Median (Q1-Q3) | mean (SD) | min-max | Median (Q1-Q3) |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 119.77 (14.23) | 70–180 | 120 (110–130) | 125.08 (13.51) | 70–180 | 125 (118–134) | 114.8 (13.04) | 70–180 | 115 (105–122) |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 74.36 (9.74) | 25–119 | 75 (70–80) | 76.36 (9.58) | 25–119 | 79 (70–81) | 72.51 (9.51) | 40–112 | 72 (65–80) |