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Table 2 Distribution of inflammatory and hemostatic biomarkers by demographic factors for SWAN cohort, 1999–2004a

From: Association between coarse particulate matter and inflammatory and hemostatic markers in a cohort of midlife women

Variable

 

Nb

hs-CRPd

Fibrinogen

Factor VIIc

tPA-ag

PAI-1

(Unit)

  

mg/l

mg/dl

%

ng/ml

ng/ml

N of samplesc

5982

4913

2638

2604

5634

5587

All participants

1694

1.6 (3.4)

367.8 (81.0)

130.9 (34.1)

7.1 (4.4)

14.6 (19.5)

Race/Ethnicity

African American

32%

2.7 (4.4)

388.0 (86.4)

130.0 (34.2)

7.9 (4.7)

16.6 (20.2)

Asian

18%

0.8 (1.3)

354.9 (72.2)

129.0 (28.6)

6.2 (3.9)

11.2 (16.0)

 

Hispanic

6%

2.6 (4.0)

370.0 (79.8)

129.1 (34.2)

8.7 (4.3)

20.1 (22.0)

 

White

44%

1.6 (3.1)

362.8 (76.8)

134.6 (34.9)

6.9 (4.1)

14.0 (19.7)

 

p-valuef

 

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

Education

≤ High school

23%

1.7 (3.6)

373.6 (93.1)

134.1 (34.0)

7.4 (4.7)

15.8 (20.3)

 

Some college

30%

2.1 (3.7)

373.4 (74.3)

132.7 (33.2)

7.4 (4.4)

16.0 (21.4)

 

≥ College

45%

1.4 (3.0)

362.8 (81.6)

130.0 (33.2)

6.7 (4.3)

12.9 (17.8)

 

p-value

 

0.03

0.44

0.04

0.11

0.13

Menopausal status

Pre

345

1.6 (2.9)

352.2 (73.2)

129.1 (33.2)

7.1 (4.0)

15.2 (21.2)

Early peri

2297

1.5 (3.0)

362.4 (81.0)

127.2 (29.7)

7.0 (4.0)

14.5 (18.8)

 

Late peri

624

1.6 (3.5)

376.5 (85.0)

134.1 (32.7)

7.7 (4.7)

17.0 (23.2)

 

Post

2017

1.8 (3.7)

380.9 (82.5)

136.4 (34.8)

7.4 (4.9)

14.8 (19.4)

 

Unknown

687

2.0 (4.0)

362.6 (75.8)

136.0 (37.6)

6.6 (4.1)

12.2 (17.0)

 

p-value

 

< 0.01

0.28

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

Body Mass Index (kg/m2)

< 25,

1947

0.8 (1.3)

344.8 (64.1)

123.5 (28.9)

5.4 (3.2)

8.4 (10.2)

25–30

1672

1.7 (2.6)

365.7 (72.9)

133.7 (34.9)

7.1 (3.6)

14.8 (17.5)

>  30

2178

3.9 (4.4)

395.3 (82.8)

137.3 (35.7)

8.8 (4.1)

22.6 (23.5)

 

p-value

 

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

Current smoker

Yes

805

2.4 (4.1)

390.9 (87.9)

128.1 (32.4)

7.9 (4.4)

18.7 (23.6)

No

4959

1.6 (3.1)

364.6 (78.5)

128.1 (32.4)

7.0 (4.3)

13.8 (18.5)

 

p-value

 

0.02

< 0.01

0.14

< 0.01

0.04

Alcohol consumptione

Low

3084

1.7 (3.7)

375.8 (83.2)

132.7 (33.1)

7.3 (4.6)

15.4 (21.3)

Moderate

1463

1.7 (3.4)

367.2 (79.3)

130.0 (32.3)

7.0 (4.2)

14.2 (18.1)

 

High

1133

1.4 (2.5)

348.9 (75.0)

130.4 (36.0)

6.7 (4.3)

12.2 (17.2)

 

p-value

 

0.31

< 0.01

0.18

0.38

0.11

Diagnosed diabetes

Yes

530

4.4 (4.8)

401.1 (88.9)

141.9 (36.3)

9.1 (4.4)

24.4 (27.8)

No

5449

1.5 (3.1)

365.4 (80.3)

130.9 (32.3)

7.0 (4.3)

13.8 (18.2)

 

p-value

 

< 0.01

0.30

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

Any CVD event

Yes

84

3.4 (4.3)

418.9 (99.1)

145.5 (29.9)

7.1 (4.4)

19.6 (23.7)

No

5898

1.6 (3.4)

367.1 (80.8)

130.9 (34.1)

8.5 (5.0)

14.5 (19.5)

 

p-value

 

0.03

0.08

0.52

0.41

0.25

  1. aData shown in each grid is the median followed by (interquartile range), excluding N
  2. bFor ethnicity/education, the % show in this column are the percentage of participants in each category among all participants. Percentages do not always add up to 100% because of missing data. For the visit-specific variables, N is the number of observations, not women; each participant could have data from multiple visits and could be in different categories at different visits
  3. cSample size varied by biomarkers. Visits without any blood data or any matched exposure data were excluded. Visits 6 and 7 in New Jersey site were censored due to small sample size. Visits that happened after any CVD events were excluded. Marker values out of reasonable ranges were excluded
  4. dFor hs-CRP, values > 10 mg/l were not included due to the concern of possible severe inflammation
  5. eAlcohol category consists of three categories developed by Laura L Schott (EDC Coordinating Center): low = none or < 1 serving/month, moderate = up to 1/week or 0.3/day, high = 2+/week or > 0.3/day
  6. fp-value are from the Type 3 test of fixed effects using mixed effect model, with all variables included as fixed effects and a random intercept account for covariance of measurements. Site was also included as a fixed effect and participants were nested within each site, as multiple longitudinal measurements collected from the same woman are highly correlated. First-order ante-dependence structure was specified for repeated measurements from each participant
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Environmental Health

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