Characteristics | Mean (SD) or proportion | HR (95% credible interval) |
---|---|---|
Age at index date (years) | 69.573 (10.939) | 1.036 (1.028, 1.045) |
Male (%) | 52.075% | 1.220 (1.022, 1.474) |
Duration of diabetes at index date (years) | 9.647 (1.112) | 0.935 (0.867, 1.040) |
aDCSI (score) | 2.296 (1.856) | 1.211 (1.170, 1.255) |
Second-line glucose-lowering agent at index date (%) | ||
 Sulfonylurea | 65.347% | (ref.) |
 Acarbose | 10.907% | 0.921 (0.682, 1.192) |
 Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitor | 10.714% | 0.670 (0.514, 0.942) |
 Meglitinide | 8.639% | 1.733 (1.436, 2.170) |
 Thiazolidinedione | 4.393% | 1.116 (0.713, 1.703) |
Comorbidities and diabetes-related complications within 1 year before index date (%) | ||
 Hypertension | 77.703% | 1.279 (1.031, 1.595) |
 Dyslipidemia | 42.568% | 0.786 (0.647, 0.908) |
 Retinopathy | 32.288% | 1.142 (0.971, 1.321) |
 Nephropathy | 13.851% | 1.392 (1.056, 1.703) |
 Neuropathy | 17.905% | 0.899 (0.710, 1.079) |
 Peripheral vascular disease | 9.846% | 1.301 (0.968, 1.658) |
CVD-related medications within 1 year before index date (%) | ||
 Lipid-modifying agent | 43.243% | 0.939 (0.781, 1.112) |
 α-blocker | 8.929% | 1.090 (0.806, 1.445) |
 β-blocker | 48.069% | 1.172 (1.005, 1.343) |
 Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone agent | 52.027% | 1.194 (0.973, 1.408) |
 Diuretics | 28.427% | 1.941 (1.638, 2.282) |
 Calcium channel blocker | 58.832% | 1.074 (0.912, 1.259) |
 Antiarrhythmic | 6.129% | 1.459 (1.131, 1.822) |
 Cardiac glycoside | 4.778% | 2.962 (2.277, 3.859) |
 Vasodilator | 29.054% | 2.352 (2.000, 2.742) |
 Antiplatelet agent | 69.932% | 1.166 (0.984, 1.397) |
 Anticoagulant | 2.799% | 2.104 (1.468, 3.298) |
Monthly concentrations of air pollutants during the follow-up | ||
 CO (ppm) | 0.501 (0.170) | 3.791 (1.945, 8.088) |
 NO (ppb) | 5.446 (4.026) | 1.088 (1.032, 1.129) |
 NO2 (ppb) | 17.320 (5.628) | 1.120 (1.079, 1.166) |
 NOx (ppb) | 22.603 (8.993) | 1.066 (1.046, 1.093) |
 O3 (ppb) | 27.767 (4.648) | 1.024 (0.984, 1.073) |
 PM10 (μg/m3) | 54.506 (17.207) | 1.052 (1.028, 1.070) |
 PM2.5 (μg/m3) | 31.294 (9.425) | 1.105 (1.080, 1.135) |
 SO2 (ppb) | 3.876 (1.527) | 2.095 (1.738, 2.352) |