Pollutants
|
Cardiovascular event
|
Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)
|
---|
Model 1a
|
Model 2b
|
Model 3c
|
Model 4d
|
Model5e
|
---|
PM10
|
Total
|
0.97 (0.95,0.99)
|
0.97 (0.96,0.99)
|
0.96 (0.94,0.98)
|
1.00 (0.98,1.03)
|
1.00 (0.98,1.02)
|
Ischemic heart disease
|
1.01 (0.98,1.03)
|
1.00 (0.97,1.03)
|
1.00 (0.97,1.02)
|
1.01 (0.98,1.03)
|
1.00 (0.97,1.03)
|
Myocardial Infarction
|
0.95 (0.86,1.05)
|
0.95 (0.86,1.05)
|
0.94 (0.85,1.04)
|
0.97 (0.87,1.09)
|
0.96 (0.86,1.08)
|
Stroke
|
0.94 (0.90,0.97)
|
0.94 (0.91,0.98)
|
0.94 (0.91,0.98)
|
1.01 (0.98,1.04)
|
1.01 (0.97,1.05)
|
Heart Failure
|
0.84 (0.78,0.90)
|
0.84 (0.79,0.90)
|
0.84 (0.78,0.90)
|
0.96 (0.89,1.04)
|
0.96 (0.89,1.04)
|
PM2.5
|
Total
|
1.00 (0.96,1.04)
|
1.00 (0.97,1.04)
|
1.00 (0.97,1.04)
|
1.04 (1.00,1.09)
|
1.04 (1.00,1.09)
|
Ischemic heart disease
|
1.10 (1.05,1.16)
|
1.10 (1.05,1.15)
|
1.10 (1.05,1.15)
|
1.10 (1.05,1.15)
|
1.10 (1.04,1.16)
|
Myocardial Infarction
|
1.06 (0.88,1.28)
|
1.06 (0.88,1.28)
|
1.05 (0.87,1.27)
|
1.11 (0.90,1.37)
|
1.11 (0.90,1.37)
|
Stroke
|
0.92 (0.86,0.99)
|
0.94 (0.87,1.00)
|
0.93 (0.87,1.00)
|
1.01 (0.94,1.09)
|
1.01 (0.94,1.09)
|
Heart Failure
|
0.69 (0.61,0.79)
|
0.71 (0.62,0.80)
|
0.71 (0.62,0.81)
|
0.84 (0.73,0.96)
|
0.84 (0.73,0.96)
|
- Abbreviations: PM10 particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter. PM2.5 particulate matter 2.5 μm or less in diameter. Total included four subtypes of cardiovascular diseases: ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure
- a Model 1: PM10 or PM2.5, sex, and age
- b Model 2: Model 1 + income, smoking, alcohol use, obese, and physical activity
- c Model 3: Model 2 + comorbidity of hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia
- d Model 4: Model 2 + area-level gross regional domestic products, percent of high school graduated or more, and percent of the elderly
- e Model 5: Model 3 + area-level gross regional domestic products, percent of high school graduated or more, and percent of the elderly