Preconception air pollution exposure and glucose tolerance in healthy pregnant women in a middle-income country

Najafi, Moslem Lari; Zarei, Mehdi; Gohari, Ali; Haghighi, Leyla; Heydari, Hafez; Miri, Mohammad

doi:10.1186/s12940-020-00682-y

Environmental Health

Table 2 The regression coefficient of exposure to air pollution with FBG, 1-h and 2-h post-load glucose concentrations in healthy pregnant women

From: Preconception air pollution exposure and glucose tolerance in healthy pregnant women in a middle-income country

Exposure	Outcome		β-coefficient (95% CI)	P_value
PM pollutants
PM₁	FBG	Crude	0.80 (0.48, 1.11)	< 0.01
	FBG	Adjusted^a	0.69 (0.38, 1.00)	< 0.01
	1-h post-load glucose	Crude	0.54 (−0.44, 1.53)	0.27
	1-h post-load glucose	Adjusted	0.41 (−0.56, 1.37)	0.41
	2-h post-load glucose	Crude	0.55 (− 0.29, 1.39)	0.19
	2-h post-load glucose	Adjusted	2.86 (−2.14, 7.86)	0.26
PM_2.5	FBG	Crude	0.71 (0.38, 1.00)	< 0.01
	FBG	Adjusted	0.61 (0.29, 0.93)	< 0.01
	1-h post-load glucose	Crude	0.42 (−0.58, 1.4)	0.40
	1-h post-load glucose	Adjusted	0.34 (−0.65, 1.33)	0.50
	2-h post-load glucose	Crude	0.41 (−0.45, 1.28)	0.34
	2-h post-load glucose	Adjusted	3.13 (−1.98, 8.23)	0.23
PM₁₀	FBG	Crude	0.22 (0.04, 0.40)	< 0.01
	FBG	Adjusted	0.19 (0.01, 0.37)	0.04
	1-h post-load glucose	Crude	0.11 (−0.43, 0.66)	0.68
	1-h post-load glucose	Adjusted	0.14 (−0.39, 0.67)	0.60
	2-h post-load glucose	Crude	0.14 (−0.32, 0.60)	0.55
	2-h post-load glucose	Adjusted	2.45 (−0.27, 5.17)	0.08
Traffic indicators
Street length in a 100 m buffer	FBG	Crude	2.70 (2.13, 3.27)	< 0.01
	FBG	Adjusted	2.57 (1.99, 3.19)	< 0.01
	1-h post-load glucose	Crude	3.46 (1.51, 5.41)	< 0.01
	1-h post-load glucose	Adjusted	3.44 (1.49, 5.39)	< 0.01
	2-h post-load glucose	Crude	2.18 (0.49, 3.87)	0.01
	2-h post-load glucose	Adjusted	−2.95 (−13.36, 7.46)	0.58
Street length in a 300 m buffer	FBG	Crude	0.22 (− 1.17, 1.63)	0.75
	FBG	Adjusted	−0.16 (−1.53, 1.22)	0.82
	1-h post-load glucose	Crude	0.00 (−4.15, 4.16)	0.99
	1-h post-load glucose	Adjusted	−1.00 (−5.05, 3.06)	0.63
	2-h post-load glucose	Crude	−0.36 (−3.92, 3.20)	0.84
	2-h post-load glucose	Adjusted	−2.46 (−23.48, 18.57)	0.82
Street length in a 500 m buffer	FBG	Crude	0.07 (−1.37, 1.52)	0.92
	FBG	Adjusted	−0.29 (−1.71, 1.13)	0.69
	1-h post-load glucose	Crude	0.20 (−4.08, 4.50)	0.92
	1-h post-load glucose	Adjusted	−0.84 (−5.04, 3.77)	0.70
	2-h post-load glucose	Crude	−0.55 (−4.22, 3.12)	0.76
	2-h post-load glucose	Adjusted	−5.89 (−27.66, 15.87)	0.59
Proximity to major roads	FBG	Crude	−3.49 (−4.56, −2.43)	< 0.01
	FBG	Adjusted	−3.29 (−4.35, −2.23)	< 0.01
	1-h post-load glucose	Crude	−4.17 (−7.58, −0.75)	< 0.01
	1-h post-load glucose	Adjusted	−3.65 (−7.01, −0.28)	0.03
	2-h post-load glucose	Crude	−3.74 (−6.66, −0.82)	0.01
	2-h post-load glucose	Adjusted	−4.39 (−22.00, 13.23)	0.62

^aAdjusted for the maternal age, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, percentage of illiterate as well as unemployed adults per census tract
CI confidence interval, FBS fasting blood glucose. The regression coefficients were reported based on 1 IQR increase in PM₁, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, total street length in different buffers and proximity to major roads

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