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Table 3 Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for non-traumatic mortality for lag day 0 and lag day 1

From: Mortality associated with wildfire smoke exposure in Washington state, 2006–2017: a case-crossover study

Category

Lag Day 0: Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Lag Day 1: Adjusted OR (95% CI)

N (%) with exposure contrasta

All non-traumatic

1.01 (0.99, 1.04)

1.02 (1.00, 1.05)

31,719 (100)

Underlying cause of death

 Cardiovascular

0.99 (0.94, 1.04)

1.02 (0.97, 1.07)

8135 (25.6)

  Ischemic heart disease

1.04 (0.93, 1.17)

1.00 (0.89, 1.13)

1482 (4.7)

 Respiratory

1.09 (1.00, 1.18)

1.05 (0.97, 1.15)

2945 (9.3)

  Asthma

0.51 (0.23, 1.12)

0.65 (0.31, 1.35)

46 (0.1)

  COPD

1.14 (1.02, 1.26)*

1.07 (0.96, 1.20)

1732 (5.5)

  Pneumonia

1.08 (0.86, 1.36)

0.97 (0.77, 1.22)

380 (1.2)

 Cerebrovascular

0.90 (0.75, 1.07)

0.88 (0.74, 1.05)

710 (2.2)

Age group (years)

 0–4

0.97 (0.77, 1.22)

0.90 (0.71, 1.13)

423 (1.3)

 5–14

0.95 (0.64, 1.41)

0.83 (0.54, 1.27)

140 (0.4)

 15–44

0.99 (0.85, 1.15)

0.98 (0.85, 1.14)

935 (2.9)

 45–64

1.00 (0.95, 1.06)

1.01 (0.95, 1.07)

6082 (19.2)

 65–84

1.02 (0.98, 1.06)

1.03 (0.99, 1.07)

13,723 (43.3)

 85+

1.00 (0.96, 1.05)

1.03 (0.98, 1.08)

10,416 (32.8)

Location

 Non-urban

1.00 (0.96, 1.03)

1.01 (0.97, 1.05)

17,770 (56.0)

 Urban

1.02 (0.99,1.06)

1.03 (1.00, 1.07)

13,949 (44.0)

Median household incomeb

 < $35,000

0.99 (0.92, 1.07)

0.99 (0.92, 1.07)

3668 (11.6)

 $35,000 - $50,000

1.05 (0.99, 1.10)

1.07 (1.02, 1.13)*

7921 (25.0)

 $50,000 - $75,000

1.00 (0.96, 1.04)

1.00 (0.96, 1.05)

11,037 (34.8)

 $75,000 - $100,000

1.03 (0.96, 1.10)

1.07 (1.00, 1.15)*

4579 (14.4)

 ≥ $100,000

0.98 (0.87, 1,11)

0.90 (0.80, 1.02)

1443 (4.5)

Race

 White

1.01 (0.99, 1.04)

1.03 (1.00, 1.06)*

28,395 (89.5)

 Black

1.04 (0.89, 1.21)

0.99 (0.85, 1.16)

885 (2.8)

 Native American

0.95 (0.77, 1.17)

0.79 (0.64, 0.98)*

472 (1.5)

 Hispanic

0.81 (0.67, 0.99)*

0.91 (0.76, 1.10)

580 (1.8)

 Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander

1.19 (0.93, 1.52)

1.04 (0.80, 1.34)

329 (1.0)

 Asian

0.98 (0.84, 1.14)

0.99 (0.85, 1.15)

943 (3.0)

Sex

 Female

1.00 (0.96, 1.03)

1.03 (0.99, 1.06)

15,946 (50.3)

 Male

1.03 (0.99, 1.06)

1.02 (0.98, 1.05)

15,772 (49.7)

  1. *p ≤ 0.05
  2. aPercent of cases, out of all cases whose strata have both wildfire smoke days and non-wildfire smoke days
  3. bAnnual median household income estimates at the census tract level