| Level | Covariates | | Alzheimer’s disease (N= 13498) | Multiple Sclerosis (N=7232) |
| Case (N= 1227) | Control (N = 12271) | Case (N= 658) | Control (N = 6574) |
| | | | Count | % | Count | % | Count | % | Count | % |
| Individual | Comorbiditya | No | 642 | 52.3 | 7164 | 58.4 | 527 | 80.1 | 5300 | 80.6 |
| Yes | 585 | 47.7 | 5107 | 41.6 | 131 | 19.9 | 1274 | 19.4 |
| Neighborhood | Household income | Lowest | 312 | 25.4 | 2948 | 24.0 | 113 | 17.2 | 1071 | 16.3 |
| Low | 238 | 19.4 | 2368 | 19.3 | 136 | 20.7 | 1166 | 17.6 |
| Middle | 200 | 16.3 | 2275 | 18.6 | 130 | 19.8 | 1293 | 19.7 |
| Upper middle | 253 | 20.6 | 2235 | 18.2 | 140 | 21.2 | 1483 | 22.6 |
| Upper | 224 | 18.3 | 2445 | 19.9 | 139 | 21.1 | 1561 | 23.8 |
| Education | Less than secondary | 275 | 22.4 | 2886 | 23.5 | 130 | 20.8 | 1415 | 21.5 |
| Secondary | 327 | 26.7 | 3314 | 27.0 | 159 | 24.2 | 1755 | 26.7 |
| Post-secondary | 625 | 50.9 | 6071 | 49.5 | 369 | 55.0 | 3404 | 51.8 |
| Chinese | <10% of population in Neighborhood | 699 | 57.0 | 5890 | 48.0 | 337 | 51.2 | 3147 | 47.9 |
| > 10% of population in Neighborhood | 528 | 43.0 | 6381 | 52.0 | 321 | 48.3 | 3427 | 52.1 |
| South Asian | <10% of population in Neighborhood | 513 | 41.8 | 6125 | 49.9 | 329 | 50.0 | 3030 | 46.1 |
| > 10% of population in Neighborhood | 714 | 58.2 | 6146 | 50.1 | 329 | 50.0 | 3544 | 53.9 |
| Visible minority | <10% of population in Neighborhood | 959 | 78.2 | 9625 | 78.4 | 518 | 78.7 | 5138 | 78.2 |
| > 10% of population in Neighborhood | 268 | 21.8 | 2646 | 21.6 | 140 | 21.3 | 1436 | 21.8 |
| Exposures | | | Alzheimer’s disease (N= 13498) | Multiple Sclerosis (N=7232) |
| | | Case (N= 1227) | Control (N = 12271) | Case (N= 658) | Control (N = 6574) |
| Road proximity | | | Count | % | Count | % | Count | % | Count | % |
| Highway <50m | No | 1203 | 98.1 | 12064 | 98.3 | 640 | 97.3 | 6434 | 97.9 |
| Yes | 24 | 1.9 | 207 | 1.7 | 18 | 2.7 | 140 | 2.1 |
| Highway <150m | No | 1169 | 95.3 | 11728 | 95.5 | 615 | 93.5 | 6194 | 94.2 |
| Yes | 58 | 4.7 | 545 | 4.5 | 43 | 6.5 | 380 | 5.8 |
| Major road <50m | No | 1134 | 92.4 | 11543 | 94.1 | 591 | 89.8 | 6082 | 92.5 |
| Yes | 93 | 7.6 | 728 | 5.9 | 67 | 10.2 | 492 | 7.5 |
| Major road <50m or Highway <150m | No | 1082 | 88.2 | 11060 | 90.1 | 556 | 84.5 | 5759 | 87.6 |
| Yes | 145 | 11.8 | 1211 | 9.9 | 102 | 15.5 | 815 | 12.4 |
| Air pollution | | Minimum | Medium | Maximum | Interquartile | Minimum | Medium | Maximum | Interquartile | Minimum | Medium | Maximum | Interquartile | Minimum | Medium | Maximum | Interquartile |
| PM2.5 (μg/m³) | 0.7 | 4.0 | 10.2 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 4.0 | 10.2 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 4.1 | 10.2 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 3.9 | 10.4 | 1.7 |
| Black carbon (μg/m³) | 0.0 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 0.9 |
| NO2 (ppb) | 16.4 | 28.5 | 57.5 | 8.2 | 12.2 | 30.5 | 62.4 | 9.0 | 14.4 | 30.1 | 57.6 | 8.0 | 11.8 | 29.6 | 58.0 | 8.8 |
| NO (ppb) | 13.2 | 27.5 | 108.1 | 10.4 | 6.8 | 29.2 | 126.0 | 13.9 | 11.0 | 29.6 | 71.3 | 14.5 | 7.1 | 28.1 | 108.9 | 13.4 |
| Noise (Lden dB(A)) | | 44.5 | 60.6 | 77.2 | 5.6 | 32.2 | 60.7 | 85.8 | 5.8 | 36.2 | 60.3 | 82.5 | 5.4 | 33.4 | 60.6 | 84.4 | 5.6 |
| Greenness (NDVI) | | -0.0 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.1 | -0.1 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.1 | -0.1 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.1 |
