Application of the Food Quality Protection Act children’s health safety factor in the U.S. EPA pesticide risk assessments

Table 1 Pesticides used in the largest volume in the U.S. agriculture

Pesticide name and type, ordered by volume of use	Estimated use in 2016, millions of pounds [12]	EPA document year	The FQPA factor for acute dietary exposures	The FQPA factor for chronic dietary exposures	Reference
Glyphosate (herbicide)	288–290	2017	N/A	1X	[13]
Atrazine (herbicide)	75–76	2018	1X	1X^b	[14]
Metolachlor and S-metolachlor, combined (herbicide)	66–72	2019	N/A	1X	[15]
Dichloropropene (fumigant)	48–59	2013	N/A	1X	[16]
Acetochlor (herbicide)	45–48	2018	1X	1X	[17]
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (herbicide 2,4-D)	44–47	2017	1X	1X	[18]
Pendimethalin (herbicide)	11–18	2017	1X	1X	[19]
Paraquat (herbicide)	9–14	2019	1X	1X	[20]
Chlorothalonil (fungicide)	10–11	2012	N/A	1X	[21]
Glufosinate (herbicide)	9–11	2012	1X^a	10X	[22]
Dicamba (herbicide)	8–10	2016	1X	1X	[23]
Ethephon (plant growth regulator)	9	2015	1X	1X	[24]

N/A not available, indicating that an FQPA factor was not assigned for this exposure scenario
^aThe EPA did not assign an FQPA factor for the acute dietary exposure scenario for glufosinate for the general population, including infants and children; for acute dietary exposure assessment for females 13–49 years of age, the EPA assigned a 1X FQPA factor
^bChronic dietary exposure to atrazine metabolite hydroxyatrazine

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