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Table 5 Associations between residential exposures and hair cortisol concentrations in the second and third pregnancy trimester

From: Residential exposure to air pollution and access to neighborhood greenspace in relation to hair cortisol concentrations during the second and third trimester of pregnancy

 

Model I

Model II

p-value

β (95% CI)

p-value

β (95% CI)

Second trimester (n = 133)

 Exposure (p25-p75)

  3-month mean PM2.5 (9.66–13.64 μg/m3)

0.009

0.81 (0.70, 0.95)

0.200

0.87 (0.70, 1.08)

  3-month mean NO2 (18.37–30.22 μg/m3)

0.934

0.99 (0.83, 1.18)

0.287

1.10 (0.92, 1.34)

  3-month mean BC (0.84–1.49 μg/m3)

0.551

0.94 (0.79, 1.13)

0.775

1.03 (0.84, 1.27)

  Distance to major road (143–642 m)

0.016

0.82 (0.70, 0.96)

0.011

0.82 (0.70, 0.95)

  Access to a small NHGS

0.117

0.68 (0.42, 1.10)

0.061

0.63 (0.38, 1.02)

  Access to a large NHGS

0.073

0.77 (0.57, 1.03)

0.095

0.78 (0.59, 1.04)

Third trimester (n = 81)

 Exposure (p25-p75)

  3-month mean PM2.5 (9.59–13.27 μg/m3)

0.227*

1.20 (0.89, 1.62)

0.051*

1.46 (1.01, 2.11)

  3-month mean NO2 (18.35–30.00 μg/m3)

0.016*

1.42 (1.07, 1.88)

0.008*

1.53 (1.12, 2.09)

  3-month mean BC (0.84–1.48 μg/m3)

0.032*

1.37 (1.03, 1.82)

0.017*

1.54 (1.08, 2.18)

  Distance to major road (114–598 m)

0.040

0.74 (0.55, 0.99)

0.055

0.75 (0.56, 1.01)

  Access to a small NHGS

0.354

0.67 (0.28, 1.05)

0.169

0.53 (0.22, 1.32)

  Access to a large NHGS

0.062

0.65 (0.41, 1.02)

0.019

0.57 (0.36, 0.91)

  1. Note: Estimates (β) of the linear regression models are presented with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) as a factor increase in hair cortisol concentrations for a factor increase in exposure from the 25th to the 75th percentile (p75/p25). Model I is unadjusted, Model II is adjusted for season of sampling, Significant associations (p < 0.05) are marked in bold. *Associations evaluated for 78 participants. Air pollutants were modelled at the maternal home address, 3-month mean concentrations were calculated. Major roads include E- or N-roads. Access to small neighborhood greenspace is defined as access to > 0.2 ha (ha) of greenspace within a travel distance of 400 m (m) from residence, access to large neighborhood greenspace is defined as access to > 10 ha of greenspace within a travel distance of 800 m from residence. CI Confidence interval, NO2 Nitrogen dioxide, PM2.5 Fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm, BC Black carbon, NHGS Neighborhood greenspace. Significant associations (p < 0.05) are marked in bold
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X