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Table 2 Summary statistics of air pollution exposures across the ZIP Codes of Medicare beneficiaries’ residence in Massachusetts during 2000–2012

From: Assessing additive effects of air pollutants on mortality rate in Massachusetts

 

Long-term PM2.5 (μg·m− 3) a

Short-term PM2.5 (μg·m− 3) b

Long-term O3 (ppb) a

Short-term O3 (ppb) b,c

Long-term NO2 (ppb) a

Short-term NO2 (ppb) b

Mean ± SD

9.0 ± 1.9

8.9 ± 5.4

37.5 ± 3.0

32.6 ± 10.4

20.4 ± 8.3

20.5 ± 11.6

Min

3.3

0.1

25.7

7.9

3.2

0.2

5th percentile

5.8

3.0

32.2

27.6

8.6

5.3

25th percentile

7.6

5.2

35.6

36.7

14.1

11.3

Median

9.0

7.5

37.7

43.2

19.2

18.7

75th percentile

10.1

11.2

39.6

49.6

26.1

27.9

95th percentile

12.1

19.4

42.1

61.6

35.0

41.6

Max

16.4

65.3

47.1

116.0

64.6

119.0

  1. a Long-term exposure to air pollution was defined as one-year moving average of the exposure level (lag 0–364). b Short-term exposure to air pollution was defined as two-day moving average of the exposure level (lag 0–1). c Short-term O3 was summarized during the warm season from April 1 to September 30