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Table 3 Estimated percent changes (95% CI) in HRV, HR and p-values for interaction term in PM2.5/BC-obesity per IQR increase in personal PM2.5 and BC at 2-h moving average in normal-weight and obese groups during the waking and sleeping hours

From: Effect of short-term exposure to particulate air pollution on heart rate variability in normal-weight and obese adults

HRV indices

PM2.5

BC

Normal-weight

Obese

p-value for the interaction term (FDR corrected)

Normal-weight

Obese

p-value for the interaction term (FDR corrected)

Waking hours

 SDNN

4.28(−0.81, 9.62)

0.30(−3.25, 3.98)

0.216

8.31 (3.67, 13.17)

0.96(−2.99, 5.06)

0.024*

 Total power

6.03(−2.47, 15.26)

0.03(−7.36, 7.80)

0.117

17.45 (5.57, 30.67)

9.76(−0.58, 21.18)

0.038*

 HF

2.55(−8.50, 14.94)

−18.11(−23.14, −12.75)

0.018*

12.55 (0.74,25.74)

−14.79(−21.89, − 7.04)

<  0.001*

 LF

2.33(−5.49, 10.79)

0.10(− 7.68, 8.54)

0.269

5.61(−5.15, 17.60)

2.24(−5.10, 10.15)

0.383

 LF/HF

8.94(−0.23, 18.94)

20.67 (12.41, 29.54)

0.112

6.43(− 5.27, 19.57)

37.64 (25.03, 51.51)

<  0.001*

 HR

−1.10(−3.28, 1.14)

2.81 (0.95, 4.69)

0.010*

−3.14(−5.41, −0.82)

3.82 (1.79, 5.89)

<  0.001*

Sleeping hours

 SDNN

5.24(−9.44, 22.31)

−1.12(− 17.45, 18.44)

0.243

9.64(−5.70, 27.48)

−6.28(− 17.26, 6.15)

0.042*

 Total power

17.30(−11.76, 55.94)

−28.79(−42.20, − 12.26)

0.176

44.05 (4.33, 98.89)

−6.90(− 27.61, 19.72)

0.041*

 HF

28.98 (5.85, 57.17)

78.32 (31.39, 142.01)

0.177

20.10(−4.65, 51.28)

−7.91(−26.64, 15.60)

0.012*

 LF

12.72(−21.09, 61.00)

11.78(−23.71, 63.79)

0.368

7.29(−21.17, 46.04)

10.24(−16.73, 45.94)

0.265

 LF/HF

−3.79(−25.34, 23.98)

−9.90(− 38.61, 32.24)

0.318

7.01(−12.69, 31.16)

4.62(− 21.83, 40.01)

0.250

 HR

14.03 (8.38, 19.98)

−7.89(−12.19, −3.38)

<  0.001*

6.13 (1.84, 10.59)

−1.57(−5.80, 2.85)

0.009*

  1. Abbreviations: CI confidence intervals, HRV heart rate variability, HR heart rate, IQR interquartile range, PM2.5 fine particulate matter, BC black carbon, SDNN standard deviation of all normal-to-normal (NN) intervals, HF high frequency power, LF low frequency power, LF/HF ratio of low–high frequency power
  2. * FDR-corrected p < 0.05