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Table 1 Maternal and child characteristics according to median (M) and 25–75 percentiles (25–75%) BPA concentrations in maternal urine; and percentage of children with an ADHD- or ASD- score above the 75th percentile at 2 or 5 years of age

From: Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and autistic- and ADHD-related symptoms in children aged 2 and5 years from the Odense Child Cohort

Maternal and child characteristics

N (%)

BPA ng/mL

M (25–75%)

ASD-score > 75%

2 years

Percent

ASD-score > 75%

5 years

Percent

ADHD-score > 75%

5 years

Percent

 

658 (100)

1.2 (0.5–2.6)

   

Parity

 Nulliparous

371 (56)

1.37 (0.47–2.88)

32

42

29

 Multiparous

287 (44)

1.20 (0.49–2.26)

18

24

22

P-valuea

 

0.07

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

0.08

Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2)

  > 18.5- < 25

412 (62)

1.03 (0.30–2.32)

27

32

24

 25–30

169 (26)

1.82 (0.90–2.77)

24

33

28

  > 30

77 (12)

1.17 (0.55–2.97)

24

49

33

P-valuea

 

0.002*

0.65

0.06

0.35

Smoking

 No

639 (97)

1.23 (0.47–2.54)

25

32

25

 Yes

19 (3)

1.21 (0.63–2.68)

37

73

33

P-valuea

 

0.19

0.29

0.001*

0.49

Education b

 high school or less

177 (27)

1.53 (0.55–2.66)

32

54

39

 high school + 1–4 years

336 (53)

1.20 (0.49–2.73)

25

29

22

 high school + > 4 years

131 (20)

1.35 (0.33–2.24)

18

21

18

P-valuea

 

0.34

0.04*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

Age

  < 25

61 (9)

1.08 (0.39–3.34)

40

35

44

 25–34

438 (67)

1.23 (0.47–2.49)

26

35

25

  > 34

159 (24)

1.28 (0.55–2.52)

19

30

21

P-valuea

 

0.82

0.006*

0.06

0.03*

Psychiatric predisposition

 None

565 (86)

1.27 (0.50–2.52)

24

33

24

 Predisposition from parents

93 (14)

1.14 (0.38–2.97)

36

42

33

P-valuea

 

0.88

0.01*

0.16

0.14

Birth weight (gram)

  ≤ 3560

332 (51)

1.24 (0.44–2.89)

27

42

27

  > 3560

326 (49)

1.23 (0.52–2.38)

25

26

24

P-valuea

 

0.13

0.52

< 0.001*

0.5

Exclusive breastfeeding (weeks)c

 0

101 (16)

1.96 (0.79–3.72)

23

45

36

 1–12

256 (42)

1.20 (0.47–2.38)

25

34

31

  > 12

259 (42)

1.24 (0.41–2.42)

27

32

18

P-valuea

 

0.22

0.65

0.18

0.005*

Gestation

  < 37 + 0

24 (4)

0.54 (0.00–2.73)

42

62

31

  > 37 + 0

634 (96)

1.23 (0.49–2.54)

25

33

26

P-valuea

 

0.84

0.07

0.03*

0.67

  1. aP-value < 0.05 with Kruskal wallis test (BPA) or Chi2 test (Autistic- or ADHD symptoms)
  2. b 4 observations missing
  3. c42 observations missing