Table 2 Association between exposure to traffic related air pollutants in pregnancy and asthma development
References | Type of study, Country | Subjects, no | Pollutants and exposure assessment | Outcome | Positive association with the outcome | Sensitivity windows |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lavigne E et al., 2019 [14] | Registry-based birth cohort, Toronto, Canada | 160,641 | UFPs, PM2.5, NO2 Daily exposure | Asthma (birth up to < 6 years) | Yes | Second trimester |
Jung CR et al., 2019 [15] | TMCHD registry-based birth cohort, Taiwan | 184,604 | PM2.5 Daily exposure | Asthma (birth up to 3–10 years) | Yes | Weeks 6–22 |
Lavigne E et al., 2018 [16] | Registry-based birth cohort, Ontario, Canada | 222,864 | PM2.5, NO2 Daily exposure | Asthma (birth up to < 6 years) | Yes | Second trimester |
Pennington AF et al., 2018 [17] | KAPPA, registry-based birth cohort, Atlanta, USA | 19,951 | PM2.5, NOx, CO Annual average | Asthma (2 to 6 years) | Yes | NA |
Lee A et al., 2018 [18] | ACCESS pregnancy cohort, Boston, USA | 736 | PM2.5 Daily exposure | Asthma (birth up to 6 years) | Yes | Weeks 19–23 in exposed to maternal prenatal stress |
Bose S et al., 2017 [19] | ACCESS pregnancy cohort, Boston, USA | 752 | NO3− Daily exposure | Asthma (birth up to 6 years) | Yes in boys exposed to prenatal maternal stress | 7–19 and 33–40 weeks |
Sbihi H et al., 2017 [20] | Registry-based birth cohort, Vancouver, Canada | 65,254 | NO2, PM2.5 Daily exposure aggregated over the pregnancy period | Asthma trajectories (birth up to 7–10 years) | Yes | NA |
Sbihi H et al., 2016 [21] | Case-control nested in a registry-based birth cohort, Vancouver, Canada | Pre-schoolers: 6948 cases, 34,621 controls; School-age: 1711 and 8577 | BC, CO, NO, NO2, PM2.5, PM10 Daily exposure aggregated over the pregnancy period | Asthma (birth up to 6–10 years) | Yes only in preschoolers and only for PM10 | NA |