Table 3 Association between exposure to traffic related air pollutants in early life and wheezing development
References | Type of study, Country | Subjects, no | Pollutants and exposure assessment | Outcome | Positive association with the outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rancière F et al., 2017 [22] | PARIS birth cohort, France | 2015 | NOx Exposure assessed in the first year of life | Wheezing phenotypes (birth up to 4 years) | Yes only for persistent wheezing |
Aguilera I et al., 2013 [13] | Four birth cohorts, INMA project, Spain | 2199 | NO2 Annual average exposure estimated at address in the first year of life | Wheezing (birth up to 12–18 months) | No |
Gehring U et al., 2010 [23] | PIAMA birth cohort, the Netherlands | 3863 | PM2.5, NO2, Soot Annual average exposure estimated at birth address | Wheezing phenotypes (birth up to 8 years) | Yes only for PM2.5 and early transient and late onset wheezing |
Nordling E et al., 2008 [24] | Birth cohort, Sweden | 3515 | PM10, NOx Annual average exposure estimated at address in the first year of life | Wheezing phenotypes (birth up to 4 years) | Yes only for NOx and persistent wheezing. |
Morgenstern V et al., 2007 [25] | GINI/LISA birth cohorts, Munich, Germany | 3577 | PM2.5 mass, PM2.5 absorbance, NO2 Annual average exposure estimated at birth address | Wheezing (birth up to 2 years) | No |
Brauer M et al., 2002 [26] | PIAMA birth cohort, the Netherlands | 3730 | PM2.5, NO2, Soot Annual average exposure estimated at birth address | Wheezing (birth up to 2 years) | No |