Table 1 Selected characteristics of the study population by case-control status and overall
Gender | Cases N % | Controls N % | Total N % |
Total | 867 (100) | 774 (100) | 1641 (100) |
Males | 500 (57.6) | 428 (55.3) | 928 (56.6) |
Females | 367 (42.4) | 346 (44.7) | 713 (43.4) |
M/F ratio | 1.4/1 | – | – |
Age | Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) |
Total | 55.2 (15.9) | 55.1 (15.4) | 55.1 (15.6) |
Males | 56.7 (14.2) | 56.9 (14.4) | 56.6 (14.6) |
Females | 52.7 (16.3) | 54.4 (16.9) | 53.1 (16.3) |
Study center | Cases N % | Controls N % | Total N % |
Bari/Taranto | 210 (24.2) | 108 (14.0) | 318 (19.4) |
Cagliari/Nuoro | 207 (23.1) | 227 (29.3) | 434 (26.4) |
Firenze | 228 (26.3) | 188 (24.3) | 416 (25.3) |
Novara | 102 (11.8) | 85 (11.0) | 187 (11.4) |
Perugia | 90 (10.4) | 98 (12.7) | 188 (11.5) |
Verona | 30 (3.3) | 68 (8.8) | 98 (6.0) |
Education | Cases N % | Controls N % | Total N % |
Primary school | 167 (19.3) | 107 (13.8) | 274 (16.7) |
Middle school | 262 (30.2) | 231 (29.8) | 493 (30.0) |
High school | 265 (30.6) | 284 (36.7) | 549 (33.4) |
University | 123 (14.2) | 122 (15.8) | 245 (14.9) |
Other | 35 (4.0) | 19 (2.5) | 54 (3.4) |
Missing | 15 (1.7) | 11 (1.4) | 26 (1.6) |
Exposure to glyphosate | Cases N % | Controls N % | Total N % |
Unexposed | 846 (97.6) | 759 (98.1) | 1605 (97.8) |
Ever exposed | 21 (2.4) | 15 (1.9) | 36 (2.2) |
Low confidence | 12 (1.4) | 9 (1.2) | 21 (1.3) |
Medium-high confidence | 9 (1.0) | 6 (0.8) | 15 (0.9) |