Table 3 Frequency (and percent) of gestational diabetes mellitus status by joint preconception VOC-Enclave category among Asian/Pacific Islander women in the Consortium on Safe Labor (2002–2008)
| Â | Â | Preconception | First Trimester | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VOC (High = ≥ 75th percentile) | Enclave | n (N = 9069) | GDM (N = 899) | No GDM (n = 8170) | p valuea | n (N = 9069) | GDM (N = 899) | No GDM (n = 8170) | p valuea | |
Benzene | Low | Yes | 242 | 13 (5.3) | 229 (94.6) | p < .01 | 245 | 15 (6.1) | 230 (93.9) | p < .01 |
No | 4115 | 415 (10.0) | 3700 (90.0) | Â | 4179 | 420 (10.0) | 3759 (90.0) | Â | ||
High | Yes | 1649 | 129 (7.8) | 1520 (92.2) | Â | 1646 | 127 (7.7) | 1519 (92.3) | Â | |
No | 3063 | 342 (11.1) | 2721 (88.9) | Â | 2999 | 337 (11.2) | 2662 (88.8) | Â | ||
Ethylbenzene | Low | Yes | 245 | 15 (6.1) | 230 (93.9) | p < .01 | 245 | 15 (6.1) | 230 (93.9) | p < .01 |
No | 3916 | 406 (10.3) | 3510 (89.7) | Â | 3943 | 412 (10.4) | 3531 (89.6) | Â | ||
High | Yes | 1646 | 127 (7.7) | 1519 (92.3) | Â | 1646 | 127 (7.7) | 1519 (92.3) | Â | |
No | 3262 | 351 (10.7) | 2911 (89.3) | Â | 3235 | 345 (10.6) | 2890 (89.4) | Â | ||
MTB Ether | Low | Yes | 738 | 63 (8.5) | 675 (91.5) | p < .01 | 596 | 50 (8.4) | 546 (91.6) | p < .01 |
No | 4578 | 437 (9.5) | 4141 (90.5) | Â | 4436 | 419 (9.4) | 4017 (90.6) | Â | ||
High | Yes | 1153 | 79 (6.9) | 1074 (93.1) | Â | 1295 | 92 (7.1) | 1203 (92.9) | Â | |
No | 2600 | 320 (12.3) | 2280 (87.7) | Â | 2742 | 338 (12.3) | 2404 (87.7) | Â | ||
N-hexane | Low | Yes | 535 | 44 (8.22) | 491 (91.8) | p < .01 | 410 | 32 (7.8) | 378 (92.2) | p < .01 |
No | 3834 | 373 (9.7) | 3461 (90.3) | Â | 3984 | 388 (9.7) | 3596 (90.3) | Â | ||
High | Yes | 1356 | 98 (7.2) | 1258 (92.8) | Â | 1481 | 110 (7.4) | 1371 (92.6) | Â | |
No | 3344 | 384 (11.5) | 2960 (88.5) | Â | 3194 | 369 (11.5) | 2825 (88.5) | Â | ||
EMK | Low | Yes | 739 | 58 (7.8) | 681 (92.2) | p < .01 | 627 | 54 (8.6) | 573 (91.4) | p < .01 |
No | 4827 | 490 (10.1) | 4337 (89.9) | Â | 4615 | 460 (9.9) | 4155 (90.1) | Â | ||
High | Yes | 1152 | 84 (7.3) | 1068 (92.7) | Â | 1264 | 88 (6.9) | 1176 (93.1) | Â | |
No | 2351 | 267 (11.3) | 2084 (88.7) | Â | 2563 | 297 (11.6) | 2266 (88.4) | Â | ||
m-xylene | Low | Yes | 245 | 15 (6.1) | 230 (93.9) | p < .01 | 245 | 15 (6.1) | 230 (93.9) | p < .01 |
No | 3909 | 408 (10.4) | 3501 (89.6) | Â | 3926 | 410 (10.4) | 3516 (89.6) | Â | ||
High | Yes | 1646 | 127 (7.7) | 1519 (92.3) | Â | 1646 | 127 (7.7) | 1519 (92.3) | Â | |
No | 3269 | 349 (10.7) | 2920 (89.3) | Â | 3252 | 347 (10.7) | 2905 (89.3) | Â | ||
o-xylene | Low | Yes | 304 | 18 (5.9) | 286 (94.1) | p < .01 | 246 | 15 (6.1) | 231 (93.9) | p < .01 |
No | 3897 | 405 (10.4) | 3492 (89.6) | Â | 3936 | 410 (10.4) | 3526 (89.6) | Â | ||
High | Yes | 1587 | 124 (7.8) | 1463 (92.2) | Â | 1645 | 127 (7.7) | 1518 (92.3) | Â | |
No | 3281 | 352 (10.7) | 2929 (89.3) | Â | 3242 | 347 (10.7) | 2895 (89.3) | Â | ||
p-xylene | Low | Yes | 438 | 31 (7.1) | 407 (92.9) | p < .01 | 338 | 24 (7.1) | 314 (92.9) | p < .01 |
No | 3868 | 399 (10.3) | 3469 (89.7) | Â | 3900 | 406 (10.4) | 3494 (89.6) | Â | ||
High | Yes | 1453 | 111 (7.6) | 1342 (92.4) | Â | 1553 | 118 (7.6) | 1435 (92.4) | Â | |
No | 3310 | 358 (10.8) | 2952 (89.2) | Â | 3278 | 351 (10.7) | 2927 (89.3) | Â | ||
Propene | Low | Yes | 827 | 67 (8.1) | 760 (91.9) | p < .01 | 945 | 74 (7.8) | 871 (92.2) | p < .01 |
No | 4728 | 449 (9.5) | 4279 (90.5) | Â | 4471 | 420 (9.4) | 4051 (90.6) | Â | ||
High | Yes | 1064 | 75 (7.1) | 989 (92.9) | Â | 946 | 68 (7.1) | 878 (92.9) | Â | |
No | 2450 | 308 (12.6) | 2142 (87.4) | Â | 2707 | 337 (12.5) | 2370 (87.5) | Â | ||
Sesquiterpene | Low | Yes | 818 | 62 (7.5) | 756 (92.5) | p < .01 | 741 | 62 (8.4) | 679 (91.6) | p < .01 |
No | 3753 | 355 (9.5) | 3398 (90.5) | Â | 3841 | 360 (9.4) | 3481 (90.6) | Â | ||
High | Yes | 1073 | 80 (7.5) | 993 (92.5) | Â | 1150 | 80 (6.9) | 1070 (93.1) | Â | |
No | 3425 | 402 (11.7) | 3023 (88.2) | Â | 3337 | 397 (11.9) | 2940 (88.1) | Â | ||
Toluene | Low | Yes | 334 | 19 (5.7) | 315 (94.3) | p < .01 | 245 | 15 (6.1) | 230 (93.9) | p < .01 |
No | 3891 | 407 (10.5) | 3484 (89.5) | Â | 3934 | 411 (10.5) | 3523 (89.5) | Â | ||
High | Yes | 1557 | 123 (7.9) | 1434 (92.1) | Â | 1646 | 127 (7.7) | 1519 (92.3) | Â | |
No | 3287 | 350 (10.6) | 2937 (89.4) | Â | 3244 | 346 (10.7) | 2898 (89.3) | Â | ||
Styrene | Low | Yes | 736 | 64 (8.7) | 672 (91.3) | p < .01 | 619 | 52 (8.4) | 567 (91.6) | p < .01 |
No | 6268 | 657 (10.5) | 5611 (89.5) | Â | 6266 | 661 (10.6) | 5605 (89.4) | Â | ||
High | Yes | 1155 | 78 (6.7) | 1077 (93.3) | Â | 1272 | 90 (7.1) | 1182 (92.9) | Â | |
No | 910 | 100 (11.0) | 810 (89.0) | Â | 912 | 96 (10.5) | 816 (89.5) | Â | ||
1,3 butadiene | Low | Yes | 732 | 64 (8.7) | 668 (91.3) | p < .01 | 595 | 51 (8.6) | 544 (91.4) | p < .01 |
No | 6197 | 642 (10.4) | 5555 (89.6) | Â | 6354 | 673 (10.6) | 5681 (89.4) | Â | ||
High | Yes | 1159 | 78 (6.7) | 1081 (92.3) | Â | 1296 | 91 (7.0) | 1205 (93.0) | Â | |
No | 981 | 115 (11.7) | 866 (88.3) | Â | 824 | 84 (10.1) | 740 (89.9) | Â | ||
Cyclohexane | Low | Yes | 1022 | 66 (6.5) | 956 (93.5) | p < .01 | 1016 | 74 (7.3) | 942 (92.7) | p < .01 |
No | 3747 | 391 (10.4) | 3356 (89.6) | Â | 3794 | 400 (10.5) | 3394 (89.5) | Â | ||
High | Yes | 869 | 76 (8.7) | 793 (91.3) | Â | 875 | 68 (7.8) | 807 (92.3) | Â | |
No | 3431 | 366 (10.7) | 3065 (89.3) | Â | 3384 | 357 (10.6) | 3027 (89.5) | Â | ||