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Table 3 Association Between Occupational Exposure to PAHs and Prostate Cancer Risk, by Tumor Aggressiveness, PROtEuS, 2005–2012

From: Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and risk of prostate cancer

Exposure

 

Low-grade prostate cancer

n = 1,488

High-grade prostate cancer

n = 436

n Co

n Ca

ORa

95%CI

n Ca

ORa

95%CI

PAHs from any source

 Never exposed to any source

1053

803

1.00

Ref

211

1.00

Ref

 Ever exposed

573

420

0.97

(0.81, 1.17)

142

1.08

(0.83, 1.42)

 Duration (per 5-year increment)

573

420

0.99

(0.96, 1.03)

142

1.01

(0.97, 1.07)

 Cumulative exposure

  0.01—300.00

303

221

0.96

(0.78, 1.19)

73

1.06

(0.78, 1.46)

  300.01—1049.66

125

91

0.95

(0.70, 1.30)

39

1.28

(0.84, 1.95)

   > 1049.66

143

108

1.02

(0.75, 1.39)

30

0.93

(0.58, 1.47)

  p for trend

  

0.86

  

0.79

 

Benzo[a]pyrene

 Ever exposed

188

136

0.98

(0.74, 1.30)

46

1.08

(0.71, 1.64)

 Duration (per 5-year increment)

188

136

0.96

(0.91, 1.02)

46

1.00

(0.93, 1.09)

 Cumulative exposure

  0.01—226.95

94

82

1.17

(0.83, 1.66)

22

0.97

(0.57, 1.67)

  226.96—588.00

42

27

0.86

(0.51, 1.46)

15

1.57

(0.81, 3.04)

   > 588.00

52

28

0.68

(0.40, 1.17)

9

0.85

(0.38, 1.90)

  p for trend

  

0.16

  

0.85

 

PAHs from petroleum

 Ever exposed

518

390

1.01

(0.84, 1.22)

126

1.03

(0.78, 1.36)

 Duration (per 5-year increment)

518

390

1.00

(0.97, 1.04)

126

1.02

(0.97, 1.07)

 Cumulative exposure

  0.01—240.50

266

209

1.04

(0.83, 1.30)

69

1.12

(0.81, 1.55)

  240.51—901.00

120

87

0.89

(0.65, 1.22)

28

0.90

(0.56, 1.44)

   > 901.00

130

93

1.05

(0.77, 1.45)

28

0.93

(0.58, 1.49)

  p for trend

  

0.92

  

0.63

 

PAHs from wood

 Ever exposed

42

37

1.11

(0.65, 1.89)

13

1.37

(0.65, 2.89)

 Duration (per 5-year increment)

42

37

1.07

(0.96, 1.20)

13

1.01

(0.85, 1.21)

 Cumulative exposure

  0.01—450.00

21

16

1.02

(0.50, 1.08)

8

1.45

(0.59, 3.58)

  450.01—1732.50

10

4

0.64

(0.19, 2.25)

4

1.73

(0.43, 6.95)

   < 1732.50

11

17

1.74

(0.67, 4.56)

1

0.50

(0.05, 4.72)

  p for trend

  

0.19

  

0.52

 

PAHs from coal

 Ever exposed

57

40

0.92

(0.59, 1.44)

17

1.09

(0.58, 2.03)

 Duration (per 5-year increment)

57

40

0.93

(0.84, 1.03)

17

0.99

(0.87, 1.12)

 Cumulative exposure

  0.01—142.50

30

26

1.11

(0.63, 1.96)

10

1.27

(0.58, 2.81)

  142.51—546.25

12

10

1.16

(0.47, 2.83)

4

1.13

(0.33, 3.85)

   > 546.25

15

4

0.36

(0.11, 1.12)

3

0.71

(0.19, 2.61)

  p for trend

  

0.09

  

0.62

 

PAHs from other sources

 Ever exposed

88

69

0.88

(0.60, 1.29)

22

0.99

(0.57, 1.75)

 Duration (per 5-year increment)

88

69

1.02

(0.94, 1.09)

22

0.97

(0.87, 1.09)

 Cumulative exposure

  0.01—200.00

44

29

0.83

(0.50, 1.37)

12

1.09

(0.54, 2.19)

  200.01—725.00

21

15

0.75

(0.37, 1.53)

4

0.66

(0.21, 2.07)

   > 725.00

23

25

1.18

(0.59, 2.38)

6

1.14

(0.39, 3.34)

  p for trend

  

0.55

  

0.97

 
  1. Abbreviations: PAHs Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, CI Confidence interval, OR Odds ratio, Ca Cases, Co Controls
  2. aOR adjusted for age, ancestry, education, alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, body mass index, consumption of fried or grilled food, occupational exposure to benzene, farming, and workplace environmental tobacco smoke
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X