From: Associations between prenatal exposure to cadmium and lead with neural tube defect risks are modified by single-nucleotide polymorphisms of fetal MTHFR and SOD2: a case–control study
Metal
All subjects
Cases
Controls
P a
Maximum–minimum
Cd (ng/g)
1.10 (0.48–3.09)
1.30 (0.57–3.49)
0.93 (0.44–2.68)
0.026
23.411–0.034
Pb (ng/g)
26.18 (17.97–48.58)
27.32 (18.37–50.34)
24.62 (17.17–46.86)
0.211
225.572–4.330