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Table 3 Prenatal Exposures and Infant Changes from 1- to 6-Months Postpartum

From: Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants and early infant growth and adiposity in the Southern California Mother’s Milk Study

Exposure

Δ Outcome

β

95% CIs

P-value

PM2.5

Weight

0.06

-0.06, 0.17

0.34

Length

-0.04

-0.36, 0.28

0.80

Umbilical Circ

0.47

-0.02, 0.96

0.06

TSF

1.53

0.11, 2.94

0.04

CTSF

0.00

-0.01, 0.01

0.82

PM10

Weight

0.07

-0.05, 0.18

0.27

Length

0.07

-0.26, 0.39

0.68

Umbilical Circ

0.73

0.25, 1.21

0.003

TSF

1.40

-0.03, 2.82

0.05

CTSF

0.01

-0.00, 0.01

0.22

NO2

Weight

0.14

0.02, 0.25

0.02

Length

0.23

-0.09, 0.56

0.16

Umbilical Circ

0.25

-0.25, 0.76

0.32

TSF

1.69

0.25, 3.12

0.02

CTSF

-0.00

-0.01, 0.00

0.37

O3

Weight

-0.10

-0.22, 0.02

0.09

Length

-0.20

-0.53, 0.13

0.23

Umbilical Circ

0.26

-0.25, 0.77

0.31

TSF

-1.11

-2.57, 0.35

0.14

CTSF

0.01

0.00, 0.02

0.07

Oxwt

Weight

-0.05

-0.17, 0.07

0.41

Length

-0.13

-0.46, 0.20

0.45

Umbilical Circ

0.59

0.09, 1.09

0.02

TSF

-0.37

-1.85, 1.11

0.62

CTSF

0.01

0.00, 0.02

0.04

  1. Multivariable linear regression was performed to examine the relationships between prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants and changes in infant growth from 1 to 6 months of age. Beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals are shown for a one standard deviation increase in exposure (PM2.5 [SD = 1.15 μg/m3], PM10 [SD = 3.54 μg/m3], NO2 [SD = 2.34 ppb], O3 [SD = 2.38 ppb], Oxwt [SD = 1.04]). Multivariable linear models adjust for infant sex, infant age, pre-pregnancy BMI, breastfeeding frequency, maternal age, and socioeconomic status. TSF and CTSF represent changes in total subcutaneous fat and the ratio of central to total subcutaneous fat, respectively