Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants and early infant growth and adiposity in the Southern California Mother’s Milk Study

Patterson, William B.; Glasson, Jessica; Naik, Noopur; Jones, Roshonda B.; Berger, Paige K.; Plows, Jasmine F.; Minor, Hilary A.; Lurmann, Frederick; Goran, Michael I.; Alderete, Tanya L.

doi:10.1186/s12940-021-00753-8

Environmental Health

Table 4 Changes in Infant Growth Measures from 1 to 6 Months Postpartum by Infant Sex

From: Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants and early infant growth and adiposity in the Southern California Mother’s Milk Study

	Females			Males
PM_2.5 and Δ Outcome	β	95% CIs	P-value	β	95% CIs	P-value	P interaction
Weight	0.01	-0.15, 0.17	0.92	0.15	-0.03, 0.33	0.09	0.25
Length	-0.15	-0.61, -0.27	0.45	0.16	-0.32, 0.65	0.50	0.34
Umbilical Circumference	0.35	-0.32, 1.03	0.30	-0.74	-0.03, 1.50	0.06	0.43
TSF	1.52	-0.35, 3.38	0.11	1.45	-0.97, 3.87	0.23	0.96
CTSF	0.00	-0.01, 0.01	0.60	0.00	-0.02, 0.01	0.79	0.70
PM₁₀ and Δ Outcome	β	95% CIs	P-value	β	95% CIs	P-value	P interaction
Weight	0.02	-0.14, 0.18	0.81	0.14	-0.03, 0.32	0.11	0.35
Length	0.09	-0.36, 0.54	0.69	0.05	-0.44, 0.54	0.84	0.77
Umbilical Circumference	0.72	0.04, 1.39	0.04	0.80	0.04, 1.56	0.04	0.99
TSF	1.40	-0.51, 3.31	0.15	1.29	-1.14, 3.72	0.29	0.98
CTSF	0.00	-0.01, 0.01	0.64	0.01	-0.01, 0.02	0.24	0.36
NO₂ and Δ Outcome	β	95% CIs	P-value	β	95% CIs	P-value	P interaction
Weight	0.13	-0.04, 0.29	0.13	0.18	0.01, 0.36	0.04	0.53
Length	0.14	-0.33, 0.61	0.56	0.37	-0.10, 0.84	0.12	0.43
Umbilical Circumference	0.07	-0.66, 0.80	0.84	0.71	-0.05, 1.46	0.07	0.16
TSF	1.38	-0.63, 3.39	0.17	2.42	0.10, 4.73	0.04	0.43
CTSF	-0.00	-0.01, 0.01	0.75	-0.00	-0.02, 0.01	0.63	0.80
O₃ and Δ Outcome	β	95% CIs	P-value	β	95% CIs	P-value	P interaction
Weight	-0.11	-0.27, 0.06	0.20	-0.15	-0.34, 0.03	0.10	0.76
Length	0.04	-0.43, 0.51	0.87	-0.60	-1.07, -0.13	0.01	0.05
Umbilical Circumference	0.57	-0.13, 1.27	0.11	-0.39	-1.21, 0.43	0.34	0.05
TSF	-1.02	-3.01, 0.96	0.31	-1.64	-4.13, 0.85	0.19	0.72
CTSF	0.00	-0.01, 0.01	0.56	0.01	-0.00, 0.02	0.10	0.18
O_x^wt and Δ Outcome	β	95% CIs	P-value	β	95% CIs	P-value	P interaction
Weight	-0.07	-0.23, 0.10	0.43	-0.08	-0.27, 0.11	0.41	0.91
Length	0.16	-0.31, 0.63	0.49	-0.60	-1.07, -0.12	0.01	0.02
Umbilical Circumference	0.92	0.24, 1.61	0.01	-0.00	-0.83, 0.82	0.99	0.06
TSF	-0.54	-2.55, 1.48	0.60	-0.47	-3.02, 2.08	0.71	0.88
CTSF	0.00	-0.01, 0.01	0.51	0.01	0.00, 0.03	0.03	0.09

Beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals are shown for a one standard deviation increase in exposure (PM_2.5 [SD = 1.15 μg/m³], PM₁₀ [SD = 3.54 μg/m³], NO₂ [SD = 2.34 ppb], O₃ [SD = 2.38 ppb], O_x^wt [SD = 1.04]) via multivariable linear regression. Results are reported for females and males with the corresponding p-value for the interaction between O_x^wt and infant sex. All stratified models adjusted for infant age, pre-pregnancy BMI, breastfeeding frequency, maternal age, and socioeconomic status

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