Exposure Model | \( {\hat{\boldsymbol{\beta}}}_{\mathbf{1}} \) | (SEW)/(SEB)a | Bias (%)b | Change (%)c | \( {\hat{\boldsymbol{\beta}}}_{\mathbf{2}} \) | (SEW)/(SEB)a | Bias (%)b | Change (%)c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
True: | ||||||||
 Multi-Pollutant | 5.40 | (1.77)/(4.18) | – | + 32.6 | 5.99 | (1.55)/(3.66) | – | + 20.5 |
 Single-Pollutant | 7.16 | (1.71)/(4.06) | – | 7.22 | (1.50)/(3.55) | – | ||
Classical: | ||||||||
 Multi-Pollutant | 4.65 | (1.57)/(3.84) | −13.8 | + 24.7 | 4.77 | (1.35)/(3.40) | −20.5 | + 17.2 |
 Single-Pollutant | 5.80 | (1.54)/(3.80) | + 7.3 | 5.59 | (1.32)/(3.38) | −6.9 | ||
Berkson: | ||||||||
 Multi-Pollutant | 5.75 | (2.41)/(6.32) | + 6.4 | + 24.7 | 5.93 | (2.17)/(5.49) | −1.2 | + 18.0 |
 Single-Pollutant | 7.17 | (2.36)/(6.10) | + 32.8 | 7.00 | (2.13)/(5.37) | + 16.7 | ||
Mixture: | ||||||||
 Multi-Pollutant | 5.03 | (1.80)/(4.37) | −6.9 | + 22.5 | 4.97 | (1.68)/(4.25) | −17.1 | + 17.7 |
 Single-Pollutant | 6.16 | (1.76)/(4.28) | + 14.1 | 5.85 | (1.62)/(4.21) | −2.4 |