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Table 2 Associations of SHS exposure during early life with the scores of the SDSC in children aged 6–18 yearsa

From: Exposure to second-hand smoke during early life and subsequent sleep problems in children: a population-based cross-sectional study

Estimates (95%CI)

Exposure to SHS during early life

Unexposed

Ever exposed during pregnancy or the first 2 years of life

Ever exposed during both pregnancy and the first 2 years of life

Total score

 Model 1

[1] Reference

2.84 (2.55, 3.13)

4.56 (4.30, 4.82)

 Model 2

[1] Reference

2.69 (2.40, 2.98)

4.32 (4.06, 4.58)

DIMS score

 Model 1

[1] Reference

1.72 (1.43, 2.00)

3.05 (2.80, 3.31)

 Model 2

[1] Reference

1.56 (1.27, 1.84)

2.81 (2.55, 3.07)

SBD score

 Model 1

[1] Reference

1.38 (1.09, 1.67)

2.33 (2.07, 2.59)

 Model 2

[1] Reference

1.34 (1.05, 1.63)

2.30 (2.03, 2.56)

DA score

 Model 1

[1] Reference

1.48 (1.19, 1.78)

2.19 (1.92, 2.45)

 Model 2

[1] Reference

1.34 (1.05, 1.63)

1.96 (1.70, 2.23)

SWTD score

 Model 1

[1] Reference

2.76 (2.47, 3.06)

4.23 (3.96, 4.49)

 Model 2

[1] Reference

2.68 (2.38, 2.97)

4.09 (3.82, 4.35)

DOES score

 Model 1

[1] Reference

2.21 (1.91, 2.51)

3.42 (3.16, 3.69)

 Model 2

[1] Reference

2.07 (1.77, 2.37)

3.20 (2.93, 3.47)

SHY score

 Model 1

[1] Reference

1.22 (0.94, 1.50)

2.07 (1.82, 2.32)

 Model 2

[1] Reference

1.24 (0.96, 1.52)

2.12 (1.87, 2.37)

  1. Abbreviations: CI Confidence interval, DA Disorders of arousal, DIMS Disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep, DOES Disorders of excessive somnolence, SBD Sleep breathing disorders, SDSC The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, SHS Second-hand smoke, SHY Sleep hyperhidrosis, SWTD Sleep–wake transition disorders
  2. aModel 1 was adjusted for a school-level random intercept. Model 2 was adjusted for a school-level random intercept, child age, sex, only child, preterm birth and low birth weight, parental educational levels, yearly household income, maternal age during pregnancy, maternal smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy