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Table 4 Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for TGCT associated with domestic use of pesticides during early periods of development, by household applications, overall and according to histological subtypes, case-control study, N = 578, France, 2015–2018

From: Domestic use of pesticides during early periods of development and risk of testicular germ cell tumors in adulthood: a French nationwide case-control study

 

Total

Controls A + B

All TGCT cases

Non-Seminomas

Seminomas

P-HETb

(N = 578)

(N = 274)

(N = 304)

(N = 132)

(N = 144)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

ORa (95% CI)

n (%)

ORa (95% CI)

n (%)

ORa (95% CI)

For Gardening

 Use of pesticides

        

0.08

  No

433 (74.9)

206 (75.2)

227 (74.7)

1.00

90 (68.2)

1.00

116 (80.6)

1.00

 

  Yes

138 (23.9)

65 (23.7)

73 (24.0)

1.18 (0.77, 1.82)

39 (29.5)

1.60 (0.92, 2.78)

27 (18.8)

0.78 (0.43, 1.40)

 

  Missing

7 (1.2)

3 (1.1)

4 (1.3)

–

3 (2.3)

–

1 (0.7)

–

 

 Use of insecticides

        

0.17

  No

509 (88.1)

240 (87.6)

269 (88.5)

1.00

114 (86.4)

1.00

130 (90.3)

1.00

 

  Yes

69 (11.9)

34 (12.4)

35 (11.5)

1.11 (0.63, 1.94)

18 (13.6)

1.66 (0.83, 3.33)

14 (9.7)

0.79 (0.36, 1.73)

 

  Missing

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

–

0 (0.0)

–

0 (0.0)

–

 

 Use of herbicides

        

0.17

  No

508 (87.9)

242 (88.3)

266 (87.5)

1.00

111 (84.1)

1.00

129 (89.6)

1.00

 

  Yes

70 (12.1)

32 (11.7)

38 (12.5)

1.15 (0.67, 2.00)

21 (15.9)

1.64 (0.83, 3.27)

15 (10.4)

0.80 (0.37, 1.71)

 

  Missing

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

–

0 (0.0)

–

0 (0.0)

–

 

 Use of fungicides

        

0.75

  No

541 (93.6)

257 (93.8)

284 (93.4)

1.00

122 (92.4)

1.00

135 (93.8)

1.00

 

  Yes

37 (6.4)

17 (6.2)

20 (6.6)

1.22 (0.59, 2.54)

10 (7.6)

1.28 (0.50, 3.30)

9 (6.3)

1.03 (0.40, 2.65)

 

  Missing

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

–

0 (0.0)

–

0 (0.0)

–

 

On Indoor Plantsc

 Use of insecticides

        

0.82

  No

545 (94.3)

262 (95.6)

283 (93.1)

1.00

124 (93.9)

1.00

133 (92.4)

1.00

 

  Yes

28 (4.8)

10 (3.6)

18 (5.9)

2.06 (0.89, 4.75)

7 (5.3)

1.90 (0.62, 5.80)

10 (6.9)

2.26 (0.83, 6.15)

 

  Missing

5 (0.9)

2 (0.7)

3 (1.0)

–

1 (0.8)

–

1 (0.7)

–

 

For Pest Control

 Use of insecticides

        

0.19

  No

174 (30.1)

82 (29.9)

92 (30.3)

1.00

38 (28.8)

1.00

45 (31.3)

1.00

 

  Yes

404 (69.9)

192 (70.1)

212 (69.7)

1.12 (0.75, 1.69)

94 (71.2)

1.49 (0.83, 2.67)

99 (68.8)

0.89 (0.54, 1.49)

 

  Missing

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

–

0 (0.0)

–

0 (0.0)

–

 

 Insecticide use frequency against crawling insects

        

0.58

  No use

371 (64.2)

183 (66.8)

188 (61.8)

1.00

79 (59.8)

1.00

93 (64.6)

1.00

 

  Less than once a month

153 (26.5)

67 (24.5)

86 (28.3)

1.31 (0.85, 2.02)

40 (30.3)

1.65 (0.90, 3.04)

36 (25.0)

1.07 (0.62, 1.86)

 

  Less than once a week

32 (5.5)

17 (6.2)

15 (4.9)

0.83 (0.38, 1.80)

7 (5.3)

0.98 (0.35, 2.73)

8 (5.6)

0.73 (0.29, 1.88)

 

  More than once a week to daily

20 (3.5)

6 (1.8)

14 (3.3)

1.78 (0.56, 5.60)

5 (3.8)

1.43 (0.27, 7.68)

7 (4.9)

2.07 (0.48, 9.00)

 

  Missing

2 (0.3)

1 (0.4)

1 (0.3)

–

1 (0.8)

–

0 (0.0)

–

 

P trend

   

0.41

 

0.39

 

0.80

 

 Insecticide use frequency against flying insects

        

0.33

  No use

228 (39.4)

106 (38.7)

122 (40.1)

1.00

51 (38.6)

1.00

58 (40.3)

1.00

 

  Less than once a month

153 (26.5)

73 (26.6)

80 (26.3)

1.16 (0.73, 1.85)

36 (27.3)

1.53 (0.79, 2.96)

40 (27.8)

0.93 (0.52, 1.67)

 

  Less than once a week

83 (14.4)

40 (14.6)

43 (14.1)

0.94 (0.53, 1.67)

22 (16.7)

1.43 (0.67, 3.05)

16 (11.1)

0.62 (0.28, 1.36)

 

  More than once a week

77 (13.3)

39 (14.2)

38 (12.5)

0.94 (0.52, 1.70)

16 (12.1)

1.17 (0.50, 2.76)

19 (13.2)

0.87 (0.41, 1.83)

 

  Daily

35 (6.1)

14 (5.1)

21 (6.9)

1.98 (0.89, 4.44)

7 (5.3)

1.21 (0.36, 4.10)

11 (7.6)

2.60 (0.95, 7.10)

 

  Missing

2 (0.3)

2 (0.7)

0 (0.0)

–

0 (0.0)

–

0 (0.0)

–

 

P trend

   

0.45

 

0.59

 

0.52

 

Wood and Moldd

 Use of fungicides and/or insecticides for woodwork

        

0.03

  No

517 (89.4)

249 (90.9)

268 (88.2)

1.00

110 (83.3)

1.00

134 (93.1)

1.00

 

  Yes

57 (9.9)

24 (8.8)

33 (10.9)

1.36 (0.73, 2.55)

21 (15.9)

2.35 (1.06, 5.20)

8 (5.6)

0.58 (0.22, 1.53)

 

  Missing

4 (0.7)

1 (0.4)

3 (1.0)

–

1 (0.8)

–

2 (1.4)

–

 

Pets

 Use of insecticides on cats and dogs

        

0.01

  No

410 (70.9)

195 (71.2)

215 (70.7)

1.00

85 (64.4)

1.00

114 (79.2)

1.00

 

  Yes

163 (28.2)

76 (27.7)

87 (28.6)

1.14 (0.76, 1.71)

45 (34.1)

1.95 (1.12, 3.40)

30 (20.8)

0.66 (0.38, 1.15)

 

  Missing

5 (0.9)

3 (1.1)

2 (0.7)

–

2 (1.5)

–

0 (0.0)

–

 

 Use of insecticides on other animalse

  No

565 (97.8)

268 (97.8)

297 (97.7)

1.00

     

  Yes

11 (1.9)

6 (2.2)

5 (1.6)

0.38 (0.09, 1.61)

     

  Missing

2 (0.3)

0 (0.0)

2 (0.7)

–

     
  1. OR odds ratios, CI confidence intervals
  2. a Estimates obtained comparing TGCT cases to group A and group B controls combined. Analysis was restricted to subjects with no missing data for the exposure variable (0.2 to 1.4% excluded)
  3. b P-value for heterogeneity derived from the Likelihood Ratio Test, comparing seminoma versus non-seminoma tumours
  4. c Use of fungicides on indoors plants was not presented because some cells had less than 5 subjects
  5. d Use of fungicides on mold was not presented because some cells had less than 5 subjects
  6. e Analysis by subtype for use of insecticides on other animals was not presented because some cells had less than 5 subjects
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Environmental Health

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