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Table 1 Summary statistics of the baseline survey and the self-measured peak expiratory flow (PEF) in children with asthma during March–June 2014–2016

From: Respiratory function declines in children with asthma associated with chemical species of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Nagasaki, Japan

Category

Nagasaki (n = 24)

Isahaya (n = 49)

Sex –boysa

15 (62.5)

29 (60.4)

Age in March 2014 (years)

7.1 (1.7)

8.7 (2.8)

Body weight (kg)

26.5 (7.8)

32.5 (12.3)

Body height (cm)

126.0 (11.0)

134.0 (16.2)

Body mass index (kg/m2)

16.4 (2.3)

17.4 (2.7)

Secondhand smokea

 Yes

10 (41.7)

15 (30.6)

  No

14 (58.3)

34 (69.4)

Use of air cleaner at homea

  Everyday

9 (37.5)

17 (34.7)

  Sometimes

3 (12.5)

7 (14.3)

  Never

12 (50.0)

25 (51.0)

Days with fever per child

1.3 (2.0)

1.9 (2.9)

Days with use of an inhaler per child

8.2 (26.9)

9.6 (34.5)

Days with medication for internal use per child

6.0 (19.3)

6.8 (16.8)

PEF (L/min)

  Morning PEF

215.3 (55.2)

247.6 (76.0)

  Evening PEF

222.1 (53.8)

253.0 (76.2)

The number of PEF measurements in total (days)

  Morning PEF

4075

9468

  Evening PEF

4365

9549

The number of PEF measurements per child (days)

  Morning PEF

170.0 (92.6)

193.2 (77.4)

  Evening PEF

181.9 (87.9)

194.8 (73.6)

The number of PEF measurements per child (days)b

  Morning PEF

176.5 (1–282)

190.0 (0–276)

  Evening PEF

170.0 (5–282)

209.0 (45–276)

Asthma worsening episodes based on PEF reduction > 15% (times)

  Morning PEF

4.2 (3.1)

4.7 (3.8)

  Evening PEF

4.7 (3.0)

5.1 (3.7)

Asthma worsening episodes based on PEF reduction > 20% (times)

  Morning PEF

3.2 (2.9)

3.9 (3.7)

  Evening PEF

3.6 (3.1)

3.9 (3.7)

  1. Data are mean (SD), or n (%) with the superscript ‘a’; Data with the superscript ‘b’ show median and range (minimum to maximum)