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Table 2 Adjusted CVD events hazard ratios associated with a 10 μg/m3 change in PM2.5

From: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality in an Eastern Mediterranean country: findings based on a 15-year cohort study

 

n

Events

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

CVD Eventsa

3081

441

1.024 *(1.015,1.033)

1.025 *(1.016,1.034)

1.026 *(1.016,1.036)

Fatal CVDb

3081

105

0.995 (0.978,1.013)

0.955 (0.977,1.012)

0.998 (0.979,1.017)

None-fatal CVD

3081

336

1.025 *(1.010,1.032)

1.028 *(1.011,1.032)

1.029 *(1.015,1.034)

All-cause mortalityc

3081

241

0.974 (0.961,0.987)

0.972 (0.959,0.985)

0.974 (0.960,0.988)

AMId

3081

73

1.019 (0.997,1.041)

1.019 (0.997,1.041)

1.031 *(1.005,1.057)

Stroke

3081

92

1.018 (0.999,1.037)

1.017 (0.999,1.036)

1.018 (0.999,1.039)

IHDe

3081

349

1.026 *(1.016,1.037)

1.027 *(1.017,1.038)

1.028 *(1.017,1.039)

  1. Model 1: PM2.5, age, sex, urban/rural status and cluster random effect
  2. Model 2: PM2.5, age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, dietary behaviors, obesity, SES, hypertension status, urban/rural status and cluster random effect
  3. Model 3: PM2.5, age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, dietary behaviors, obesity, SES, hypertension status, diabetes, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL to HDL ratio, history of heart disease in the family, urban/rural status, and cluster random effect
  4. * Statistically significant (0.05)
  5. aCHD + stroke
  6. bDeath from cardiovascular causes and myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure, with each sub-category including fatal events
  7. cAll of the deaths that occur in a population, regardless of the cause
  8. dAcute myocardial infarction
  9. eMI+ SCD + UAP