Role of epidemiology in risk assessment: a case study of five ortho-phthalates

Table 3 Ten lowest estimated intake and significant endpoints by population

Phthalate	Endpoint statistically significant	Effect	Population Tested	Estimated intake ^a	Reference
DEHP	Number of ovarian antral follicles	Decreased	Women	0.03–0.16 ^b	[39]
BBP	Serum steroid hormone binding globulin in children	Increased	Mothers 3 T	0.06	[50]
BBP	Social problems in children	Increased	Mothers 3 T	0.07	[64]
DIBP	Masculine play behavior in boys	Decreased	Mothers 2 T	0.08	[52]
BBP	Thyroid hormone T3	Decreased	Children (4–9 yo)	0.10	[71]
DIBP	Number of ovarian antral follicles	Decreased	Women	0.13	[39]
DIBP	Motor and psychomotor development in children	Delayed and Decreased	Mothers 3 T	0.17	[66]
DEHP	Height standard deviation	Decreased	Children (12 yo)	0.18	[72]
DIBP	Estrogen, testosterone and free testosterone	Decreased	Children (8–14 yo)	0.18	[50, 53]
DEHP	Insulin sensitivity	Increased	Children (12 yo)	0.19	[72]

^a In microgram per kilogram of body weight per day
^b Range of intake estimated based on urinary concentration of monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) and Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP)
Abbreviations: DEHP diethylhexyl phthalate; DBP dibutyl phthalate; BBP butylbenzyl phthalate; DIBP diisobutyl phthalate; 1 T, 2 T, 3 T first, second and third trimester; yo year-old

ISSN: 1476-069X