Table 3 Correlation coefficient analysis between COVID-19 ATPR, and daily average of mean Particulate Matters (PM) and Ambient Temperature (AT). (‘+’ values are considered as positively significant and ‘-‘ values are positively significant, *p<0.05, **p<0.01)
Study Period | Variables | Lag | Bengaluru | Delhi | Hyderabad | Kolkata | Mumbai | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K | S | K | S | K | S | K | S | K | S | |||
Phase I | AT | No lag | -.373** | -.531** | .240** | .348** | .267** | .375** | -0.079 | -0.123 | 0.165* | 0.255* |
Lag 7 | -.343** | -.494** | .338** | .486** | 0.031 | 0.033 | -0.034 | -0.045 | -0.019 | -0.0149 | ||
Lag 14 | -.301** | -.440** | .263** | .385** | 0.146* | 0.213* | 0.001 | -0.008 | -0.112 | -0.1614 | ||
PM 2.5 | No lag | -.308** | -.465** | 0.057 | 0.081 | -.198** | -.293** | -0.0369 | -0.032 | -.337** | -.476** | |
Lag 7 | -.240** | -.343** | -0.055 | -0.089 | -.356** | -.515** | 0.01979 | 0.045 | -.259** | -.368** | ||
Lag 14 | -.185* | -.273* | 0.049 | 0.086 | -.345** | -.509** | -0.0128 | -0.028 | -.209** | -.289** | ||
PM 10 | No lag | -0.0262 | -0.0582 | 0.073 | 0.104 | -0.120 | -0.1715 | 0.03128 | 0.045 | -.237** | -.343** | |
Lag 7 | -0.0544 | -0.0777 | 0.012 | 0.014 | -.294** | -.448** | 0.04731 | 0.073 | -.178* | -.259* | ||
Lag 14 | -.222** | -.321** | 0.002 | 0.007 | -.317** | -.481** | -0.1329 | -0.197 | -.249** | -.362** | ||
Phase II | AT | No lag | 0.086 | 0.121 | -.370** | -.536** | -.257** | -.420** | 0.117 | 0.165 | -.169** | -.246** |
Lag 7 | 0.083 | 0.117 | -.278** | -.405** | -.255** | -.413** | 0.068 | 0.102 | -.160** | -.229** | ||
Lag 14 | 0.098 | 0.142 | -.222** | -.323** | -.259** | -.415** | 0.065 | 0.108 | -0.091 | -0.149 | ||
PM 2.5 | No lag | -.370** | -.489** | .367** | .528** | -.407** | -.591** | -0.058 | -0.091 | -.426** | -.607** | |
Lag 7 | -.298** | -.399** | .351** | .529** | -.492** | -.694** | 0.005 | 0.015 | -.392** | -.558** | ||
Lag 14 | -.236** | -.324** | .326** | .492** | -.409** | -.605** | 0.103 | 0.148 | -.367** | -.533** | ||
PM 10 | No lag | -.250** | -.332** | .372** | .537** | -.398** | -.586** | -0.095 | -0.148 | -.409** | -.577** | |
Lag 7 | -.155** | -.208* | .342** | .522** | -.476** | -.682** | -0.038 | -0.049 | -.398** | -.561** | ||
Lag 14 | -0.058 | -0.075 | .296** | .450** | -.378** | -.566** | 0.073 | 0.096 | -.378** | -.544** | ||
Total period | AT | No lag | -.256** | -.384** | -0.021 | -0.019 | -0.069 | -0.119 | 0.103 | 0.156 | .213** | .338** |
Lag 7 | -.273** | -.407** | .088* | .146* | -.146** | -.227** | 0.071 | 0.107 | .133** | .205** | ||
Lag 14 | -.247** | -.379** | .164** | .256** | -.209** | -.332** | 0.030 | 0.044 | 0.081 | 0.121 | ||
PM 2.5 | No lag | -.217** | -.305** | .190** | .295** | -.279** | -.406** | -0.031 | -0.034 | -.376** | -.538** | |
Lag 7 | -.100* | -.136* | .129** | .205** | -.380** | -.544** | 0.045 | 0.076 | -.386** | -.549** | ||
Lag 14 | -0.017 | -0.015 | .099* | .169* | -.352** | -.518** | 0.092 | 0.137 | -.384** | -.553** | ||
PM 10 | No lag | -.100* | -.139* | .218** | .332** | -.230** | -.339** | -0.024 | -0.031 | -.343** | -.496** | |
Lag 7 | -0.053 | -0.076 | .157** | .251** | -.326** | -.476** | 0.035 | 0.055 | -.360** | -.519** | ||
Lag 14 | -0.037 | -0.059 | .104* | .175** | -.291** | -.437** | 0.064 | 0.096 | -.380** | -.548** | ||