Table 1 Demographic characteristics, maternal health conditions and predictors of maternal depression at 12 months postpartum
Characteristic | N | Mean (SD), % | OR | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at Study Entry (Years) | 180 | 29.8 (6.0) | 1.00 | 0.94 | 1.07 |
Race and Ethnicity | |||||
Hispanic | 143 | 79.4% | -- REF -- | ||
Black | 8 | 4.4% | 1.83 | 0.35 | 9.68 |
Non-Hispanic White | 21 | 11.7% | 0.92 | 0.25 | 3.38 |
Multiracial | 2 | 1.1% | 5.50 | 0.33 | 91.26 |
Other | 5 | 2.8% | 1.38 | 0.15 | 12.89 |
Missing | 1 | 0.6% | |||
Ethnicity and Nativity | |||||
US-Born Hispanic | 64 | 37.40% | -- REF -- | ||
Foreign-Born Hispanic | 71 | 41.50% | 1.83 | 0.68 | 4.91 |
Non-Hispanic | 36 | 21.10% | 1.97 | 0.63 | 6.14 |
Missing | 9 | 5.00% | |||
Annual Household Income at Study Entry | |||||
Less than $15,000 | 40 | 22.2% | -- REF -- | ||
$15,000 to $29,999 | 51 | 28.3% | 1.01 | 0.34 | 3.00 |
$30,000 to $49,999 | 22 | 12.2% | 0.74 | 0.17 | 3.22 |
$50,000 to $99,999 | 12 | 6.7% | 0.43 | 0.05 | 3.88 |
$100,000 or more | 16 | 8.9% | 1.09 | 0.24 | 4.86 |
Don’t Know | 38 | 21.1% | 0.88 | 0.27 | 2.92 |
Missing | 1 | 0.6% | |||
Educational Attainment at Study Entry | |||||
< 12th Grade | 52 | 28.9% | -- REF -- | ||
Completed 12th Grade | 42 | 23.3% | 1.53 | 0.47 | 4.97 |
Some College or Technical School | 43 | 23.9% | 2.32 | 0.77 | 7.03 |
Completed College | 24 | 13.3% | 0.33 | 0.04 | 2.94 |
Some Graduate Training | 18 | 10.0% | 2.95 | 0.77 | 11.23 |
Missing | 1 | 0.6% | |||
Marital Status | |||||
Never married, single | 31 | 17.2% | -- REF -- | ||
Married | 60 | 33.3% | 1.19 | 0.34 | 4.23 |
Living together | 71 | 39.4% | 1.51 | 0.45 | 5.07 |
Divorced or separated | 5 | 2.8% | 1.69 | 0.15 | 19.16 |
Missing | 13 | 7.2% | |||
Pre-Pregnancy BMI Category | |||||
Normal | 46 | 25.6% | -- REF -- | ||
Underweight | 2 | 1.1% | 3.60 | 0.21 | 62.81 |
Overweight | 67 | 37.2% | 0.42 | 0.15 | 1.20 |
Obese | 65 | 36.1% | 0.73 | 0.28 | 1.91 |
Parity | |||||
1st born | 65 | 36.1% | -- REF -- | ||
2nd born | 48 | 26.7% | 0.98 | 0.36 | 2.66 |
3rd born or more | 58 | 32.2% | 0.79 | 0.29 | 2.11 |
Missing | 9 | 5.0% | |||
Mode of Delivery | |||||
Vaginal | 132 | 73.3% | -- REF -- | ||
Planned C-Section | 22 | 12.2% | 1.00 | 0.31 | 3.22 |
Unplanned/Emergency C-Section | 26 | 14.4% | 0.18 | 0.02 | 1.39 |
Gestational Age at Delivery | |||||
Preterm (< 37 weeks) | 22 | 12.2% | 0.43 | 0.09 | 2.02 |
Early Term (37 weeks–38 weeks 6/7 days) | 47 | 26.1% | 0.63 | 0.23 | 1.72 |
Full Term (39 weeks–40 weeks 6/7 days) | 96 | 53.3% | -- REF -- | ||
Late Term or Post Term (≥41 weeks | 15 | 8.3% | 1.08 | 0.28 | 4.24 |
IOM Weight Gain Recommendations | |||||
Adequate | 54 | 30.0% | -- REF -- | ||
Excessive | 74 | 41.1% | 1.43 | 0.53 | 3.87 |
Insufficient | 34 | 18.9% | 0.90 | 0.24 | 3.32 |
Missing | 18 | 10.0% | |||
Hypertensive Disorders | |||||
Normotensive | 147 | 81.7% | -- REF -- | ||
Hypertensive | 32 | 17.8% | 0.70 | 0.23 | 2.16 |
Missing | 1 | 0.6% | |||
Diabetic Disorders | |||||
Normal | 118 | 65.6% | -- REF -- | ||
Glucose Intolerant | 35 | 19.4% | 0.69 | 0.24 | 1.97 |
Gestational Diabetes (GDM)a | 18 | 10.0% | – | – | – |
Chronic Diabetes | 8 | 4.4% | 0.59 | 0.07 | 5.04 |
Missing | 1 | 0.6% | |||
Depression Diagnosis or Antidepressant Medication | |||||
No | 159 | 88.3% | -- REF -- | ||
Yes | 21 | 11.7% | 3.11 | 1.13 | 8.57 |