Fig. 1

Pooled all-period exposure-response (A) and lag (B) associations. Centered at the minimum risk temperature (at 20.9 °C; horizontal dotted grey line), the heat-related relative risks increase with increasing temperature (A). Red horizontal dotted line represents the null association. Exponential solid line depicts the central estimate of the either exposure-response (A) or lag (B) associations, with their respective confidence interval (grey-shaded areas)