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Table 3 Summary of statistical model results

From: The influence of dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the association between short-term exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide and respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes among healthy adults

Outcome

Low omega-3 group

 

Lung function

 FVC

\(\to\)

\(\uparrow_{L0-2\;and\;5dMA}\)

 FEV1

\(\to\)

\({\uparrow }_{5dMA}\)

Blood lipids

 Total cholesterol

\(\to\)

\({\downarrow }_{L2}\)

 HDL

\(\to\)

\(\downarrow_{L1-2\;and\;5dMA}\)

 LDL

\(\to\)

\({\downarrow }_{L2}\)

Coagulation / fibrinolysis factors

 vWF

\({\uparrow }_{L0}\)

\(\uparrow_{L1\;and\;5dMA}\)

 D-dimer

\({\uparrow }_{L0}\)

\(\to\)

Vascular function

 FMD

\(\to\)

\(\uparrow_{L1-2\;and\;5dMA}\)

 ET-1

\({\downarrow }_{5dMA}\)

\(\downarrow_{L3-4\;and\;5dMA}\)

Heart rate variability

 HFn

\(\to\)

\({\downarrow }_{L3}\)

 LF/HF

\(\to\)

\({\uparrow }_{L3}\)

 VLF

\({\downarrow }_{L0}\)

\(\to\)

  1. Arrows “↓ ↑ and →” indicate negative, positive, or null associations between NO2 exposure and respiratory and cardiovascular parameters, respectively. 5dMA: 5-day moving average, ET-1: endothelin 1, FEV1: forced expiratory volume at the end of the first second, FMD: flow-mediated dilation, FVC: forced vital capacity, HDL: high density lipoprotein, HFn: normalized high frequency, L0: lag0, L1: lag1, L2: lag2, L3: lag3, L4: lag4, LDL: low density lipoprotein, LF/HF: low-to-high frequency ratio, VLF: very-low frequency, vWF: von Willebrand factor