Table 3 Associations between GW-Specific Neurotoxicant Exposures and Symptom Trajectories Adjusted for other exposures

Difficulty Concentrating

No Sx (n = 69)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

No Sx, Develops Sx (n = 56)

1.44 [0.57–3.66]

0.65 [0.26–1.61]

3.53 [1.08–11.50]

0.74 [0.26–2.15]

Mixed (n = 46)

2.50 [0.95–6.58]

0.79 [0.29–2.14]

3.70 [1.00–13.70]

0.61 [0.19–2.00]

Remitting Sx (n = 49)

1.87 [0.76–4.57]

0.73 [0.29–1.85]

1.56 [0.45–5.40]

1.33 [0.50–3.52]

Consistent Sx (n = 68)

3.09 [1.26–57.61]

0.69 [0.27–1.75]

2.71 [0.81–9.13]

0.95 [0.34–2.63]

Dizziness

No Sx (n = 133)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

No Sx, Develops Sx (n = 39)

0.76 [0.30–1.93]

2.22 [0.83–5.91]

4.87 [1.78–13.37]

1.90 [0.70–5.17]

Mixed (n = 37)

0.82 [0.32–2.07]

1.34 [0.53–3.42]

0.35 [0.07–1.84]

2.38 [0.86–6.60]

Remitting Sx (n = 43)

1.09 [0.46–2.57]

1.31 [0.54–3.16]

2.33 [0.82–6.67]

1.54 [0.57–4.13]

Consistent Sx (n = 18)

6.49 [1.51–27.90]

1.11 [0.27–4.49]

8.59 [2.07–35.59]

0.85 [0.19–3.85]

Fatigue

No Sx (n = 46)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

No Sx, Develops Sx (n = 56)

0.78 [0.28–2.16]

1.16 [0.44–3.08]

3.93 [0.98–15.78]

1.31 [0.44–3.94]

Mixed (n = 30)

1.42 [0.46–4.39]

1.35 [0.44–4.17]

4.06 [0.85–19.52]

0.67 [0.16–2.70]

Remitting Sx (n = 49)

1.28 [0.48–3.42]

3.02 [1.05–8.68]

1.80 [0.39–8.33]

0.69 [0.21–2.31]

Consistent Sx (n = 101)

1.30 [0.53–3.19]

1.47 [0.60–3.61]

3.76 [1.02–13.88]

1.03 [0.37–2.88]

Crying Easily

No Sx (n = 178)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

No Sx, Develops Sx (n = 35)

1.02 [0.38–2.70]

2.23 [0.76–6.57]

1.73 [0.56–5.36]

1.15 [0.37–3.57]

Mixed (n = 18)

0.85 [0.21–3.43]

3.43 [0.62–19.01]

1.67 [0.32–8.68]

1.29 [0.27–6.13]

Remitting Sx (n = 39)

0.79 [0.29–2.16]

4.12 [1.18–14.39]

0.88 [0.26–3.04]

1.90 [0.66–5.47]

Consistent Sx (n = 12)

0.81 [0.15–4.28]

Sample Size Issue

2.66 [0.43–15.52]

2.02 [0.32–12.65]

Nervous or Tense

No Sx (n = 67)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

No Sx, Develops Sx (n = 60)

1.12 [0.47–2.65]

0.99 [0.43–2.29]

3.80 [1.03–14.05]

1.21 [0.44–3.38]

Mixed (n = 59)

1.42 [0.58–3.45]

1.91 [0.75–4.82]

3.99 [1.05–14.99]

1.06 [0.36–3.13]

Remitting Sx (n = 38)

0.88 [0.33–2.32]

2.16 [0.80–5.88]

2.87 [0.68–12.03]

1.48 [0.49–4.45]

Consistent Sx (n = 62)

1.14 [0.44–2.99]

1.78 [0.65–4.84]

7.42 [1.89–29.09]

0.97 [0.30–3.08]

Upset Stomach/Nausea

No Sx (n = 113)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

No Sx, Develops Sx (n = 36)

0.35 [0.12–1.01]

5.42 [1.45–20.29]

0.64 [0.15–2.69]

0.57 [0.14–2.26]

Mixed (n = 40)

0.33 [0.11–0.93]

0.96 [0.37–2.49]

0.60 [0.15–2.44]

1.74 [0.62–4.92]

Remitting Sx (n = 64)

0.37 [0.16–0.82]

1.31 [0.60–2.90]

1.40 [0.55–3.53]

0.88 [0.36–2.13]

Consistent Sx (n = 36)

0.85 [0.30–2.38]

2.68 [0.79–9.13]

3.27 [1.03–10.31]

1.02 [0.32–3.28]

Shortness of Breath

No Sx (n = 155)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

No Sx, Develops Sx (n = 58)

0.76 [0.34–1.72]

3.46 [1.34–8.95]

2.68 [1.07–6.70]

1.61 [0.66–3.92]

Mixed (n = 28)

1.00 [0.29–3.38]

2.02 [0.51–8.02]

2.39 [0.60–9.54]

1.39 [0.36–5.42]

Remitting Sx (n = 21)

1.27 [0.43–3.72]

1.74 [0.51–5.94]

2.07 [0.55–7.78]

0.57 [0.14–2.44]

Consistent Sx (n = 24)

2.61 [0.74–9.24]

0.22 [0.05–0.88]

2.15 [0.43–10.70]

1.51 [0.38–6.02]

Depressed Mood

No Sx (n = 77)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

No Sx, Develops Sx (n = 63)

2.36 [0.99–5.63]

0.93 [0.40–2.19]

4.46 [1.34–14.80]

0.91 [0.33–2.47]

Mixed (n = 45)

1.51 [0.56–4.09]

0.83 [0.32–2.15]

3.90 [1.09–13.98]

1.18 [0.41–3.46]

Remitting Sx (n = 48)

3.19 [1.32–7.73]

1.23 [0.49–3.08]

3.10 [0.88–10.94]

1.06 [0.39–2.93]

Consistent Sx (n = 51)

2.99 [1.08–8.31]

1.12 [0.39–3.23]

7.01 [1.82–26.99]

1.00 [0.31–3.24]

Headaches

No Sx (n = 63)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

No Sx, Develops Sx (n = 31)

0.34 [0.11–1.04]

0.87 [0.30–2.50]

0.69 [0.15–3.28]

1.15 [0.30–4.48]

Mixed (n = 39)

1.00 [0.36–2.78]

0.94 [0.32–2.72]

0.65 [0.13–3.22]

4.10 [1.29–13.04]

Remitting Sx (n = 81)

0.34 [0.15–0.78]

1.54 [0.65–3.62]

2.10 [0.72–6.14]

1.00 [0.35–2.91]

Consistent Sx (n = 75)

0.44 [0.18–1.07]

0.76 [0.31–1.86]

2.82 [0.91–8.75]

2.09 [0.73–6.00]

Muscle Twitching

No Sx (n = 111)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

No Sx, Develops Sx (n = 61)

1.03 [0.47–2.24]

1.26 [0.58–2.74]

1.51 [0.57–4.00]

1.26 [0.50–3.17]

Mixed (n = 27)

0.87 [0.30–2.50]

0.80 [0.29–2.23]

1.49 [0.41–5.50]

0.83 [0.23–3.02]

Remitting Sx (n = 40)

0.94 [0.38–2.27]

2.39 [0.90–6.36]

0.96 [0.30–3.08]

1.39 [0.50–3.92]

Consistent Sx (n = 47)

0.98 [0.39–2.48]

3.11 [1.07–9.06]

2.18 [0.74–6.43]

2.23 [0.81–6.15]

No Sx, (n = 138)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

No Sx, Develops Sx (n = 49)

0.55 [0.22–1.39]

0.40 [0.17–0.94]

4.72 [1.63–13.71]

0.17 [0.04–0.67]

Mixed (n = 37)

1.60 [0.61–4.23]

1.22 [0.40–3.70]

1.83 [0.58–5.82]

2.31 [0.83–6.45]

Remitting Sx (n = 34)

0.77 [0.30–2.01]

1.23 [0.43–3.51]

1.64 [0.46–5.75]

0.73 [0.23–2.29]

Consistent Sx (n = 25)

1.27 [0.41–3.91]

0.62 [0.19–2.00]

1.78 [0.43–7.37]

2.00 [0.60–6.62]

Hands Sweating

No Sx (n = 199)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

No Sx, Develops Sx (n = 15)

0.53 [0.10–2.68]

2.53 [0.50–12.75]

3.16 [0.73–13.66]

1.43 [0.32–6.37]

Mixed (n = 16)

4.09 [1.03–16.22]

2.43 [0.47–12.56]

4.47 [1.06–18.81]

1.53 [0.36–6.52]

Remitting Sx (n = 48)

1.43 [0.60–3.40]

1.51 [0.59–3.86]

2.32 [0.86–6.26]

1.23 [0.47–3.21]

Consistent Sx (n = 11)

5.22 [0.44–61.56]

2.36 [0.15–38.03]

3.18 [0.29–35.23]

1.65 [0.17–15.81]

Trouble Sleeping

No Sx (n = 55)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

No Sx, Develops Sx (n = 82)

0.72 [0.31–1.69]

1.35 [0.57–3.18]

1.43 [0.40–5.12]

1.12 [0.42–3.03]

Mixed (n = 35)

0.79 [0.27–2.27]

0.82 [0.29–2.32]

3.30 [0.82–13.26]

1.47 [0.46–4.71]

Remitting Sx (n = 33)

1.09 [0.39–3.05]

1.04 [0.37–2.97]

2.57 [0.63–10.42]

0.67 [0.18–2.41]

Rapid Heartbeat

No Sx (n = 166)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

No Sx, Develops Sx (n = 44)

0.89 [0.39–2.05]

1.19 [0.52–2.74]

1.53 (0.57–4.14]

1.33 [0.54–3.27]

Mixed (n = 26)

1.36 [0.46–4.06]

1.04 [0.34–3.15]

1.90 [0.51–7.11]

0.46 [0.10–2.03]

Remitting Sx (n = 30)

1.19 [0.42–3.38]

2.64 [0.70–9.89]

1.95 [0.57–6.69]

0.64 [0.17–2.37]

Consistent Sx (n = 16)

1.45 [0.42–5.01]

1.45 [0.38–5.59]

2.27 [0.54–9.51]

1.15 [0.29–4.54]

Joint Pain

No Sx (n = 29)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

No Sx, Develops Sx (n = 56)

1.16 [0.39–3.46]

1.04 [0.35–3.09]

Sample Size Issue

0.67 [0.20–2.25]

Mixed (n = 46)

0.99 [0.31–3.15]

0.91 [0.30–2.79]

Sample Size Issue

0.34 [0.09–1.38]

Remitting Sx (n = 39)

1.81 [0.58–5.68]

1.04 [0.33–3.33]

Sample Size Issue

0.64 [0.17–2.34]

Consistent Sx (n = 104)

1.44 [0.50–4.15]

1.31 [0.45–3.81]

Sample Size Issue

0.84 [0.26–2.67]