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Table 2 Asthma health outcomes at baseline and post-randomization visits and estimated effect of intervention on health outcomes

From: Randomized trial of a portable HEPA air cleaner intervention to reduce asthma morbidity among Latino children in an agricultural community

Clinical Outcome

Baseline Visit

6 and 12 Month Visits

Effect Estimate

Continuous Outcomes

Mean + SD

Mean + SD

Dif. in mean change (95% CI)

Standardized ACT scorec, d

  

10% (− 12, 39%)

  Intervention

83.4 + 9.53

85.0 + 9.63

 

  Control

81.3 + 11.3

82.9 + 12.2

 

   uLTE4 (ng/mg)d

  

−10% (−20, 1%)

  Intervention

1.35 + 1.45

1.26 + 1.50

 

  Control

1.40 + 1.52

1.40 + 1.44

 

FeNO (ppb)d

  

4% (−20, 34%)

  Intervention

15.5 + 2.26

15.8 + 1.11

 

  Control

13.3 + 2.52

13.3 + 1.12

 
   

Dif. in mean (95% CI)

Unscheduled clinical utilization, visits

  

−0.14 (−0.48, 0.20)

  Intervention

–

0.25 + 0.81

 

  Control

–

0.38 + 0.65

 

Steroid prescriptions, n

  

−0.12 (− 0.70, 0.45)

  Intervention

–

0.53 + 1.18

 

  Control

–

0.74 + 1.21

 

Dichotomous Outcomes

%

%

IRR (95% CI)

C-ACT or ACT score < 19a, yes

  

0.45 (0.21, 0.97)

  Intervention

15.8

8.3

 

  Control

32.4

20.0

 

Symptoms in past 2 wk., yes

  

0.77 (0.52, 1.13)

  Intervention

55.3

38.9

 

  Control

59.5

47.9

 

ULTE4 (ng/mg) > medianb, yes

  

0.77 (0.53, 1.11)

  Intervention

46.0

37.5

 

  Control

54.3

51.6

 

Elevated FeNO, yes

  

0.86 (0.49, 1.50)

  Intervention

43.2

31.0

 

  Control

27.0

31.3

 

Discrete Outcome

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

IRR (95% CI)

Symptoms in past 2 wk., days

  

0.63 (0.35, 1.11)

  Intervention

1.63 + 1.88

1.43 + 2.53

 

  Control

2.03 + 2.90

2.04 + 3.54

 
  1. Notes: Effect estimates reflect comparison of the change from baseline to the mid-study (6 months) and final (12 months) visits averaged, in the intervention versus control groups; estimates were calculated using generalized estimating equations in repeated measures linear models that included an interaction term for intervention group and 6 and 12 month follow-up visit values and were adjusted for baseline outcome values, age, sex, season, and controller medication use for all outcomes except for unscheduled clinical utilization and steroid prescriptions. For unscheduled clinical utilization and steroid prescriptions, the difference between groups was estimated using multivariate adjusted linear regression models; C-ACT Childhood Asthma Control Test; ACT Asthma Control Test; ULTE4 Creatinine-adjusted urinary leukotriene E4; FeNO Fractional exhaled nitric oxide
  2. Footnotes: C-ACT or ACT score < 19 defines poorly controlled asthma
  3. bUTLE4 median of 1.35 ng/mg
  4. cStandardized ACT score is the total C-ACT or ACT score divided by the total score possible
  5. dStandardized ACT score, ULTE4, and FeNO were log-transformed for analysis and, thus, the geometric mean for visits and the percent difference in mean change for the effect estimate are presented