Table 1 Sociodemographic and exposure characteristics of youth (n = 315) included in analysis: CHAMACOS study population, enrolled 1999–2000 in Salinas Valley, California
From: Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and risk-taking behaviors in early adulthood
Covariate | n (%) | ∑DAPs (nmol/L) |
|---|---|---|
GM ± GSD | ||
Maternal age at delivery (years) | ||
 18–24 | 128 (40.6) | 145.8 ± 2.9 |
 25–29 | 107 (34.0) | 123.9 ± 2.8 |
 30–34 | 51 (16.2) | 131.6 ± 2.3 |
 35–45 | 29 (9.2) | 112.3 ± 2.8 |
Maternal education at baseline | ||
  ≤ 6th grade | 141 (44.8) | 127.1 ± 2.9 |
 7th–12th grade | 111 (35.2) | 123.5 ± 2.6 |
 High school grad or higher | 63 (20.0) | 164.2 ± 2.8 |
Years living in US prior to delivery | ||
  ≤ 5 years | 150 (47.6) | 134.8 ± 2.7 |
  > 5 years, non-native | 134 (42.5) | 134.5 ± 2.8 |
 Born in US | 31 (9.8) | 113.4 ± 2.8 |
Marital status at baseline | ||
 Married or living as married | 262 (83.2) | 130.6 ± 2.8 |
 Not married or living as married | 53 (16.8) | 141.7 ± 2.4 |
Maternal depression at 9-year visit (≥16 on CES-D) | ||
 Yes | 81 (25.7) | 143.7 ± 2.5 |
 No | 234 (74.3) | 128.8 ± 2.8 |
Young adult’s sex | ||
 Male | 143 (45.4%) | 140.9 ± 2.7 |
 Female | 172 (54.6%) | 125.8 ± 2.8 |
Household poverty at 18-year visit | ||
 At or below poverty | 129 (41.0) | 119.0 ± 2.8 |
  > 100% poverty level | 186 (59.1) | 142.6 ± 2.7 |
| Â | GM (GSD) | Â |
HOME z-score at 6 months | 0.02 (1.06) |  |
Young adult’s age at 18-year visit | 18.2 (0.3) |  |
Total DAP concentrations (nmol/L) | 132.4 ± 2.7 |  |
Total DAP concentrations, specific gravity adjusted | 171.5 ± 2.8 |  |