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Table 2 Adjusteda relative risk (RR) of risk-taking behaviors reported at 18 years per 10-fold increase in mean prenatal total urinary DAP concentrations (nmol/gL), overall and stratified by sex, in the CHAMACOS study population, enrolled 1999–2000 in Salinas Valley, California

From: Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and risk-taking behaviors in early adulthood

Outcome

Total N

N (%) with outcome

RR (95% CI)a

Males RR

(95% CI)a

Females RR

(95% CI)a

p-value for interaction

Substance Use (Y/N)b

 Very drunk in last 30 days

315

30 (9.5)

0.96 (0.43, 2.15)

1.53 (0.55, 4.25)

0.65 (0.20, 2.16)

0.27

 Smoked/vaped nicotine in last 30 days

315

28 (8.9)

1.89 (1.00, 3.56)

1.46 (0.56, 3.79)

2.50 (1.10, 5.66)

0.41

 Smoked/vaped marijuana in the past last 30 days

315

78 (24.8)

1.11 (0.71, 1.73)

1.26 (0.72, 2.19)

0.99 (0.52, 1.89)

0.56

Sex (Y/N)b

 Sex before age 16

311

47 (15.1)

1.16 (0.64, 2.12)

1.91 (0.84, 4.34)

0.81 (0.34, 1.92)

0.15

 Doesn’t always use a condom

310

70 (22.6)

0.98 (0.63, 1.51)

0.91 (0.46, 1.82)

1.02 (0.59, 1.78)

0.79

Driving (Y/N)b

 Doesn’t always use seatbelt (driver or passenger)

315

102 (32.4)

1.03 (0.72, 1.45)

1.19 (0.63, 2.23)

0.94 (0.62, 1.43)

0.55

 Texts/looks at phone while driving

221

110 (49.8)

0.85 (0.63, 1.15)

0.81 (0.51, 1.27)

0.88 (0.59, 1.31)

0.77

 Drives without license (regularly)

221

96 (43.4)

1.74 (1.25, 2.42)

2.18 (1.35, 3.50)

1.46 (0.93, 2.28)

0.23

Delinquency/police encounters (Y/N)b

 Police encounters

315

77 (24.4)

1.16 (0.76, 1.78)

1.25 (0.70, 2.24)

1.07 (0.57, 2.02)

0.72

 Any delinquent act

315

221 (70.2)

0.97 (0.83, 1.13)

1.09 (0.90, 1.32)

0.88 (0.69, 1.11)

0.15

Delinquency/police encounters (counts)c

 

median (25–75%ile)

IRR (95% CI)a

Males IRR (95% CI)a

Females IRR (95% CI)a

 

 Police encounters

315

0 (0–0)

1.56 (0.91, 2.70)

2.10 (0.97, 4.54)

1.10 (0.51, 2.38)

0.24

 Delinquent acts: number of different types of acts

315

2 (0–6)

1.01 (0.76, 1.35)

1.29 (0.88, 1.88)

0.85 (0.56, 1.27)

0.13

 Delinquent acts: frequency of behaviors

315

8 (0–34)

1.13 (0.75, 1.69)

1.51 (0.86, 2.64)

0.90 (0.52, 1.55)

0.19

  1. a Adjusted for maternal age at delivery (continuous), years spent in the US prior to delivery (≤5 years, > 5 years but non-native, native to US), education (≤6th grade, 7th–12th grade, high school graduate), marital status at enrollment (married or living as married vs not married or living as married), and depression (< 16, ≥16 on the CES-D, assessed at the 9-year visit); HOME z-score at the 6-month visit (continuous variable); household poverty status at the time of assessment (at or below poverty level, > 100% of poverty level); and young adult’s sex and age at assessment (continuous variable)
  2. b Log risk (Poisson) models
  3. c Negative binomial models