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Table 3 Adjusteda relative risk (RR) of risk-taking behaviors reported at 18 years per 10-fold increase in mean prenatal total urinary DAP concentrations (nmol/gL) stratified by ACEs, subsetting on participants with ACEs (n = 309) and dichotomized as low ACEs (< 3; n = 220) and high ACEs (3+; n = 89), in the CHAMACOS study population, enrolled 1999–2000 in Salinas Valley, California

From: Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and risk-taking behaviors in early adulthood

Outcome

Total N

N (%) with outcome

Low ACEs RR (95% CI)a

High ACEs RR (95% CI)a

p-value for interaction

Substance Use (Y/N)b

 Very drunk in last 30 days

308

28 (9.1)

0.63 (0.20, 4.04)

1.11 (0.36, 3.40)

0.50

 Smoked/vaped nicotine in last 30 days

309

26 (8.4)

1.41 (0.55, 3.60)

2.49 (0.95, 6.54)

0.43

 Smoked/vaped marijuana in the past last 30 days

309

75 (24.3)

1.16 (0.65, 2.07)

0.96 (0.51, 1.79)

0.65

Sex (Y/N)b

 Sex before age 16

305

47 (15.4)

1.52 (0.78, 2.94)

0.81 (0.26, 2.56)

0.35

 Doesn’t always use a condom

305

69 (22.6)

1.00 (0.55, 1.80)

0.87 (0.43, 1.77)

0.77

Driving (Y/N)b

 Doesn’t always use seatbelt (driver or passenger)

309

98 (31.7)

0.87 (0.55, 1.37)

1.15 (0.62, 2.15)

0.49

 Texts/looks at phone while driving

215

106 (49.3)

0.81 (0.55, 1.18)

0.88 (0.54, 1.42)

0.78

 Drives without license (regularly)

215

91 (42.3)

1.74 (1.09, 2.75)

1.61 (0.98, 2.65)

0.83

Delinquency/police encounters (Y/N)b

 Police encounters

309

75 (24.3)

1.10 (0.59, 2.06)

1.22 (0.69, 2.15)

0.81

 Any delinquent act

309

217 (70.2)

1.01 (0.83, 1.24)

0.87 (0.67, 1.12)

0.34

Delinquency/police encounters (counts)c

 

median (25–75%ile)

Low ACEs IRR (95% CI)a

High ACEs IRR (95% CI)a

 

 Police encounters

309

0 (0–0)

1.39 (0.69, 2.83)

2.53 (1.07, 6.02)

0.30

 Delinquent acts: number of different types of acts

309

2 (0–6)

1.10 (0.77, 1.56)

0.98 (0.62, 1.56)

0.71

 Delinquent acts: frequency of behaviors

309

8 (0–34)

1.76 (1.06, 2.92)

0.72 (0.36, 1.45)

0.04

  1. a Adjusted for maternal age at delivery (continuous), years spent in the US prior to delivery (≤5 years, > 5 years but non-native, native to US), education (≤6th grade, 7th–12th grade, high school graduate), marital status at enrollment (married or living as married vs not married or living as married), and depression (< 16, ≥16 on the CES-D, assessed at the 9-year visit); HOME z-score at the 6-month visit (continuous variable); household poverty status at the time of assessment (at or below poverty level, > 100% of poverty level); and young adult’s sex and age at assessment (continuous variable)
  2. b Log risk (Poisson) models
  3. c Negative binomial models