Table 4 Effect modification of the associations between long-term exposure to PM_2.5 and deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in RoLS. Results are expressed as hazard ratios (HR) with relative 95% confidence intervals per 10 µg/m³ increases of pollutant

Overall^a

1.082

0.992

1.181

1.136

0.994

1.298

Age class

  < 70 y

1.109

0.994

1.237

-

1.192

0.998

1.424

-

  > 70 y

1.032

0.899

1.185

0.043

1.081

0.890

1.315

0.837

Sex

 Females

1.130

0.995

1.285

-

1.168

0.958

1.425

-

 Males

1.046

0.933

1.173

0.799

1.112

0.933

1.325

0.772

Cardiovascular

 No

1.092

0.994

1.199

-

1.180

1.023

1.361

-

 Yes

1.028

0.824

1.284

0.792

0.896

0.629

1.275

0.185

AMI

 No

1.079

0.986

1.181

-

1.117

0.972

1.283

-

 Yes

1.130

0.810

1.577

0.459

1.407

0.882

2.245

0.901

Hypertension

 No

1.079

0.986

1.182

-

1.175

1.023

1.349

-

 Yes

1.112

0.834

1.481

0.777

0.777

0.487

1.240

0.071

Diabetes

 No

1.084

0.984

1.193

-

1.156

0.999

1.338

-

 Yes

1.078

0.887

1.310

0.554

1.044

0.766

1.423

0.539

Hyperlipidaemia

 No

1.075

0.984

1.173

-

1.144

1.000

1.308

-

 Yes

1.596

0.861

2.960

0.127

0.700

0.229

2.136

0.505

COPD

 No

1.122

1.017

1.238

-

1.131

0.968

1.322

-

 Yes

0.963

0.807

1.149

0.005

1.154

0.900

1.478

0.273

Cancer

 No

1.075

0.981

1.178

-

1.119

0.968

1.294

-

 Yes

1.123

0.861

1.465

0.080

1.230

0.892

1.696

0.799