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Table 3 Changes in physiological parameters associated with provocation and perception of exposure to electromagnetic fields

From: Physiological changes and symptoms associated with short-term exposure to electromagnetic fields: a randomized crossover provocation study

Parameter

IEI-EMF

Control

Estimate

S.E

P value

Estimate

S.E

P value

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

 Provocationa

0.02

0.73

0.98

0.02

0.64

0.97

 Perceptionb

-0.76

1.12

0.50

0.08

3.48

0.98

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

 Provocation

0.40

0.69

0.56

0.35

0.62

0.57

 Perception

-1.28

1.06

0.23

-5.58

3.31

0.09

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)

 Provocation

0.05

0.70

0.94

-0.17

0.60

0.78

 Perception

-0.26

1.06

0.80

-2.86

3.18

0.37

Heart rate (/min)

 Provocation

-0.65

0.84

0.44

0.40

0.30

0.18

 Perception

-1.24

1.29

0.34

3.10

1.46

0.03*

LF/HF

 Provocation

0.19

0.11

0.10

0.09

0.09

0.35

 Perception

-0.11

0.18

0.55

1.04

0.71

0.14

  1. SE Standard Error, LF Low-frequency pulses, HF High-frequency pulses
  2. aLinear mixed-effect model (LME) command of the nlme package of R, fixed factor: provocation, random-effect factor: individual, and time series
  3. bLinear mixed-effect model (LME) command of the nlme package of R, fixed factor: perception (believing of EMF provoked), random-effect factor: individual, and time series