| Tanaka 2001 | Dalal and Poddar 2009 | Dalal and Poddar 2010 | Noorafshan et al., 2018 | Tanaka et al., 2012 | Tanaka et al., 2006 | Tanaka et al., 2008 | Gao et al., 2011 (rats) | Gao et al., 2011 (mice) | Rafati et al., 2017 | Tanaka 1996 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dye | Red No. 3 | Red No. 3 | Red No. 3 | Red No. 40 | Blue No. 1 | Yellow No. 5 | Yellow No. 5 | Yellow No. 5 | Yellow No. 5 | Yellow No. 5 | Yellow No. 6 |
FDA ADI | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 7.0 | 12 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 3.75 |
100 x ADIa mg/kg/d | 250 | 250 | 250 | 700 | 1200 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 375 |
Study Doses NOAELb LOAELc | 0, 0.005, 0.015 b, 0.045c % diet | 0, 1b, 10c, 100, 200 mg/kg/d | 0, 1b, 10c, 100, mg/kg/d | 0, 7c, 70 mg/kg/d | 0, 0.08c, 0.24, 0.72% diet | 0, 0.05b, 0.15c, 0.45% diet | 0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.45b % diet | 0, 175b 350 700 mg/kg/d | 0, 125b 250 500 mg/kg/d | 0, 5c, 50 mg/kg/d | 0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.60 b % diet |
Studyd NOAEL or LOAEL in mg/kg/d | NOAEL 28e | NOAEL 1.0 | NOAEL 1 | LOAEL 7.0 | LOAEL 122e | NOAEL 73e | NOAEL 824e | NOAEL 175 | NOAEL 125 | LOAEL 5 & 50 | NOAEL 1052e |
LOAEL < FDA ADI NOAEL | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | no |